1. WELCOME
5 SEC
Miss Jessica M.

2. LET’S REVIEW THESE TOPICS:
EMBEDDED QUESTIONS
GERUND AS A SUBJECT AND AN OBJECT.
NEED + NOUN PHRASE
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

3. EMBEDDED QUESTIONS
EMBEDDED QUESTIONS ARE QUESTIONS WHICH HAVE AN INTRODUCTORY QUESTIONS BEFORE THEM. THE INDIRECT QUESTION DOES NOT HAVE A QUESTION FORM.THEREIS NOT CHANGE OF TENSES.
INTRODUCTORY QUESTIONS:
COULD YOU TELL ME……….?
DO YOU KNOW……………….?
YES/ NO QUESTIONS
THESE QUESTIONS USE “IF”.
DO YOU KNOW IF……………………….?

4. EXAMPLES: WHERE IS THE POST OFFICE?
COULD YOU TELL ME WHERE THE POST OFFICE IS?
WHEN DOES THE FILM START?
DO YOU KNOW WHEN THE FILM STARTS?
IS THIS THE RIGHT STREET?
DO YOUKNOW IF THIS IS THE RIGHT STREET?

5. NOW PRACTICE: WHAT’S THE TIME? COULD YOU TELL ME …………………………….?
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
DO YOU KNOW……………………………………..?
HOW MUCH DOES THIS COST?
COULD YOU TELL ME……………………………..?
WHAT TIME DOES THE MUSEUM OPEN?
IS THIS TRAFALGAR SQUARE?
COULD YOU TELL ME ……………………………..?
WHEN DOES THIS BUS LEAVE?

6. GERUND AS A SUBJECT AND AN OBJECT:
A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing.“
The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." You
can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or
the object of a sentence.
Examples:
Reading helps you learn English. subject of sentence
Her favorite hobby is reading. complement of sentence
I enjoy reading. object of sentence
Gerunds can be made negative by adding "not."
He enjoys not working.
The best thing for your health is not smoking.

7. GERUND AS A SUBJECT: GERUND AS A SUBJECT GOES FIRST AND THE
SENTENCE IS UNDERSTOOD.
READING HISTORY BOOKS ARE INTERESTING.
PLAYING SOCCER IS FUN.
DRINKING WATER IS HEALTHY.
EATING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES ARE GOOD FOR YOU.
FLYING KITES ARE AMAZING.
JUMPING HIGH IS GREAT.

8. GERUND AS AN OBJECT: GERUND AS AN OBJECT GOES AFTER OTHER VERBS.
VERBS THAT WORK WITH GERUND.
THESE ARE THE VERBS:
ENJOY – LIKE – LOVE – PREFER – HATE – DON’T MIND – DON’T LIKE – FINISH – APPRECIATE – AVOID – SUGGEST – UNDERSTAND – POSTPONE- CONSIDER – CAN’T HELP
EXAMPLES:
I ENJOY READING MAGAZINES.
SHE FINISHES DOING HER HOMEWORK.
WE LOVE DANCING.
THEY HATE RUNNING IN THE PARK.

9. COMPLETE WITH A GERUND AS A SUBJECT:
___________ FRUIT IS DELICIOUS.
___________ EXERCISES IS GOOD.
___________ MAGAZINES ARE INTERESTING.
___________ LETTERS ARE FUN.
___________ IN ENGLISH IS DIFFICULT.
___________ IS GOOD EXERCISE.
___________ CHESS REQUIRES GREAT CONCENTRATION

10. COMPLETE WITH A GERUND VERB AS AN OBJECT:
I enjoy (cook) _____________ gourmet meals.
We finished (eat) _____________ around seven.
I like (meet) _____________ new friends.
Let’s keep (work) _____________ on the homework.
I went (fish) _____________ early in the morning.
If he keeps __________to work late, he's going to get fired!

11. NEED SUBJECT + NEED + NOUN PHRASE EXAMPLES:
They are too tight, they need a big house.
It’s too hot and Marcos needs a bath.
We’re thirsty. We need a drink.
Pablo needs a red pen to check the homework.
They need colors to paint their pictures.
To play baseball, you _need a bat and a ball.
I want to make a cake. I need flour, fat and water.

12. NEGATIVE SENTENCES: EXAMPLES:
SUBJECT DOESN’T / DON’T + NEED NOUN
EXAMPLES:
I have an alarm at home. I don’t need a watchman.
Susy has twenty purses, she doesn’t need a new one.
To swim, you don’t need an oxygen tank.
It’s too hot. We don’t need a jacket.
Peter uses pens to write, he doesn’t need a pencil.
She’s okay! She doesn’t need another job.

13. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH: NEED – NEEDS – DON’T NEED OR DOESN’T NEED.
SHE ____________________ A BLUE DRESS. (+)
THEY___________________ A HORSE (-)
RAUL ___________________A SCOOTER (-)
WE _____________________ MONEY (+)
THE CAT ________________ A FISH (+)
HELLEN _________________ A DOLL (-)
I ________________________ PIZZA (-)
YOU _____________________ A BALL TO PLAY SOCCER (+)

14. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:
Type condition
I : condition possible to fulfill
II : condition in theory possible to fulfill
III : condition not possible to fulfill (too late)
type
if clause
main clause I
Simple Present 
will-future (or Modal + infinitive) II
Simple Past 
would + infinitive *
III
Past Perfect
would + have + past participle *

15. THE IF – CLAUSES CAN GO type if clause main clause I If I study,
AT THE BEGINNING
type
if clause
main clause I
If I study,
I will pass the exam. II
If I studied,
I would pass the exam.
III
If I had studied,
I would have passed the exam.
AT THE END
type
main clause
if-clause I
I will pass the exam
if I study. II
I would pass the exam
if I studied.
III
I would have passed the exam
if I had studied.

16. NEGATIVE SENTENCES: type Examples long forms short/contracted forms I
Examples
long forms
short/contracted forms I +
If I study, I will pass the exam.
If I study, I'll pass the exam. -
If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I do not study, I will fail the exam.
If I study, I won't fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam. II
If I studied, I would pass the exam.
If I studied, I'd pass the exam.
If I studied, I would not fail the exam. If I did not study, I would fail the exam.
If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam. If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam.
III
If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.
If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam.
If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam. If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam.
If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam. If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam.

17. NOW PRACTICE: TYPE I
Example: If I __ (to go) to the café, I ________ (not/to drink) milk. Answer: If I go to the café, I will not drink milk.
1) If it __________(to rain), the children_________(not/to go) for a walk.
2) If she __________(not/to read) the novel, she ________(not/to pass) the literature test.
3) If I _____________(not/to argue) with my father, he________(to lend) me his motorbike.
4) If we ___________(to take) the bus, we ____________(not/to arrive) in time.
5) If Dick ________(not/to buy) the book, his friends ___________(to be) angry with him.

18. NOW PRACTICE: TYPE II
Example: If I __ (to go) to the café, I ________ (not/to drink) milk. Answer: If I went to the café, I would not drink milk.
1) If Oliver ________(to find) money, he _________(not/to keep) it.
2) If they ________(not/to wear) pullovers in the mountains, it ___(to be) too cold during the night.
3) If Tony __________(to know) her phone number, he ______(not/to give) it to Frank.
4) If we ________(not/to visit) this museum, you _______(not/to write) a good report.
5) If it ________(not/to be) so late, we ________(to play) a game of chess.

19. NOW PRACTICE: TYPE III
Example: If I _______ (to go) to the café, I ________ (not/to drink) milk. Answer: If I had gone to the café, I would not have drunk milk. or If I'd gone to the café, I wouldn't have drunk milk.
1) If you _______(to check) the car, it ______(not/to break) down in the middle of the desert.
2) If it _______(not/to rain), the children ______(to play) outside.
3) If my parents _____(not/to be) so tired, they ______(to watch) the film on TV.
4) If she _______(to buy) a new hard disk, she _______(not/to lose) all data.
5) If we _______(to use) the town map, we _________(not/to get) lost.

20. THAT’S ALL
THANK YOU !