1. Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy
AP Biology
Bloomington High School

2. Plant Tissues Ground tissues Parenchyma Thin walls Storage
Photosynthesis
Secretion

3. Plant Tissues
Ground tissues
Collenchyma
Thick, flexible walls
Support

4. Plant Tissues
Ground tissues
Sclerenchyma
Thick walls
Support

5. Plant Tissues Dermal Tissue Epidermis Cover surface of plant
Guard cells-

6. Plant Tissues Vascular Tissue Xylem Transports water & minerals
Tracheids
Vessel elements

7. Plant Tissues Vascular Tissue Phloem Transports food
Sieve-tube members
Companion cells

8. Primary vs. Secondary Growth
Primary Growth
Growth in length
Apical meristems
Tips of roots & shoots

9. Primary vs. Secondary Growth
Growth in width
Lateral meristems
Vascular cambium
Cork cambium

10. Root Tip
Root cap
Protects apical meristem

11. Root Tip
Zone of cell division
Cells divide
Apical meristem

12. Root Tip
Zone of elongation
Cells absorb water & elongate

13. Root Tip Zone of maturation Cells mature Perform specific functions
Cells differentiate
Root hairs

14. Herbaceous Dicot Stem Epidermis Outer layer of cells
Provides protection

15. Herbaceous Dicot Stem
Cortex
Ground tissue
May contain chloroplasts

16. Herbaceous Dicot Stem Pith Storage
Provides support through turgor pressure

17. Herbaceous Dicot Stem
Vascular Bundle
Xylem & phloem
Occur in rings

18. Herbaceous Dicot Stem Vascular Bundle Bundle cap Cells
Dead
Fibrous
Thick walled
Sclerenchyma cells
Provide support

19. Herbaceous Dicot Stem Vascular Bundle Phloem Transports food
Sieve-tube members
Long
Living cells
Companion cells
Small
Parenchyma cells

20. Herbaceous Dicot Stem Vascular Bundle Xylem Transports water Tracheids
Dead
Thick walled
Vessel elements
Large diameter

21. Herbaceous Dicot Stem Vascular Bundle Vascular cambium
Between xylem & phloem
Cells divide to form xylem & phloem

22. Woody Stem
Pith

23. Woody Stem
Xylem
Wood

24. Woody Stem Xylem Wood Summer wood Spring wood Small cells Less water
Large cells
More water

25. Woody Stem Xylem Annual rings 1st year’s growth 2nd year’s growth
3rd year’s growth

26. Woody Stem
Bark
Phloem
Cortex

27. Woody Stem Vascular cambium Between xylem & phloem
Produces new xylem & phloem cells
Secondary growth

28. Dicot Root Cross Section
Epidermis
Absorbs water
Root hairs increase surface area for water absorption
In older roots provides protection

29. Dicot Root Cross Section
Cortex
Bulk of root
Stores starch

30. Dicot Root Cross Section
Vascular cylinder
Stele
Xylem & phloem
Outlined by endodermis

31. Dicot Root Cross Section
Vascular cylinder
Xylem
Large cells
Dead
Transport water & minerals

32. Dicot Root Cross Section
Vascular cylinder
Phloem
Small cells
Transport food

33. Dicot Root Cross Section
Vascular cylinder
Endodermis
Casparian strip
Waxy
Forms barrier
All water must pass through endodermis before entering stele

34. Leaf Upper epidermis Provides protection Cuticle Waxy
Decreases water loss

35. Leaf Lower epidermis Contains stomata Holes
Allow CO2 in & O2 & H2O out
Surrounded by guard cells

36. Leaf
Palisade mesophyll
Parenchyma cells
Tightly packed
Photosynthesis

37. Leaf Spongy mesophyll Parenchyma cells Loosely arranged Photosynthesis
Air spaces

38. Leaf Vascular bundle Veins Xylem (red) & phloem (green)
Bundle sheath cells surround bundles