1. KRT-2010 1 PLANT STRUCTURE

2. KRT-2010 2 The "Typical" Plant Body The Root System Underground (usually) Underground (usually) Anchor the plant in the soil Anchor the plant in the soil Absorb water and nutrients Absorb water and nutrients Conduct water and nutrients Conduct water and nutrients Food Storage Food Storage The Shoot System Above ground (usually) Above ground (usually) Elevates the plant above the soil Elevates the plant above the soil Many functions including: Many functions including: photosynthesis photosynthesis reproduction & dispersal reproduction & dispersal food and water conduction food and water conduction

3. KRT-2010 3 The Body of seed plant

4. KRT-2010 4

5. 5

6. 6 Plant Structure A. Classification of Plants 1. Some plants are non-vascular (=bryophytes) 2. Some plants are seedless, vascular plants (e.g., 1. Some plants are non-vascular (=bryophytes) 2. Some plants are seedless, vascular plants (e.g., ferns) 3. Most plants are seed-bearing, vascular plants - gymnosperms (no flowers, e.g., conifers) - angiosperms (all produce flowers: dicots and ferns) 3. Most plants are seed-bearing, vascular plants - gymnosperms (no flowers, e.g., conifers) - angiosperms (all produce flowers: dicots and monocots) monocots) B. Structure of Flowering Plants (= angiosperms) B. Structure of Flowering Plants (= angiosperms)

7. KRT-2010 7 Angiosperms, flowering plants, are divided into two groups: monocots and dicots monocotsdicotsmonocotsdicots

8. KRT-2010 8 Monocots vs. Dicots MonocotsDicots Floral Arrangement : 3's 4's and 5's Leaf Venation : ParallelNet Vascular bundles ScatteredRing HabitHerbaceous Herbaceous + Woody RootsFibrous Tap root Growth Primary only Primary and Secondary Examples: Grass, Palm, Orchid Oaks, Roses, Sunflowers

9. KRT-2010 9 Monocots have their flower parts in threes or multiples of three; example the tulip and lily (Lilium ). Dicots have their flower parts in fours (or multiples) or fives (or multiples). Examples of some common dicot flowers include the geranium, and citrus.

10. KRT-2010 10 the scattered vascular bundles of the corn stem the ringed array of vascular bundles in this dicot stem (Medicago).

11. KRT-2010 11 Anatomy Of Monocot Stems A cross section of the stem of corn (Zea mays) showing parenchyma tissue and scattered vascular bundles. The large cells in the vascular bundles are vessels

12. KRT-2010 12 Plant stem

13. KRT-2010 13 Spermatophytes Includes flowering or seed-bearing plants. Includes flowering or seed-bearing plants. The two subdivisions are…. The two subdivisions are…. Gymnosperms Gymnosperms Angiosperms Angiosperms

14. KRT-2010 14 Plant Characteristics

15. KRT-2010 15 Identifying Plants Physical characteristics are used to identify plants which include…. Physical characteristics are used to identify plants which include…. Life Cycle Life Cycle Form Form Foliage Retention Foliage Retention Plant Parts Plant Parts Use & Location Use & Location

16. KRT-2010 16 Life Cycle Annuals Annuals Plants that complete their life cycle in one year. Plants that complete their life cycle in one year. Biennials Biennials Plants that complete their life cycle in two years. Plants that complete their life cycle in two years. Perennials Perennials Plants that live more than two years. Plants that live more than two years.

17. KRT-2010 17 Growth Habits Trees Trees Shrubs Shrubs Vines Vines

18. KRT-2010 18 Growth Forms Columnar Columnar Spreading Spreading Weeping Weeping Round Round Oval Oval Pyramidal Pyramidal

19. KRT-2010 19 Growth Forms Spreading Columnar Weeping

20. KRT-2010 20 Growth Forms Round Oval Pyramidal

21. KRT-2010 21 Foliage Retention Deciduous Deciduous Loses leaves during the dormant season. Loses leaves during the dormant season. Evergreen Evergreen Keeps leaves and remains green year-round. Keeps leaves and remains green year-round.