1. Objectives Identify how the Hundred Years’ War affected England and France. Identify how the Hundred Years’ War affected England and France. Analyze how Spain’s rulers both strengthened and weakened their nation. Analyze how Spain’s rulers both strengthened and weakened their nation. Identify the factors that led to the decline of the Catholic Church in the later Middle Ages. Identify the factors that led to the decline of the Catholic Church in the later Middle Ages. Describe how the Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism affected the church. Describe how the Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism affected the church. Explain why great teachers and priests challenged the church during the later Middle Ages. Explain why great teachers and priests challenged the church during the later Middle Ages.

2. Chapter 14.5&14.6 Terms Hundred Years’ War War of the Roses Joan of Arc Louis XI Great Schism John Wycliffe Jan Huss

3. The Black Death In 1347 the Black Death swept through Europe. In 1347 the Black Death swept through Europe. Began in Asia, spread along trade routes. Began in Asia, spread along trade routes. Dirty cities attracted rats. Dirty cities attracted rats. Rats carried the disease and spread it to people through flees. Rats carried the disease and spread it to people through flees. Estimated that about 25 million people (1/3 of the population) died in Europe from 1347 -1351. Estimated that about 25 million people (1/3 of the population) died in Europe from 1347 -1351. People’s faith in God was shaken, church lost some power People’s faith in God was shaken, church lost some power Relations between the upper and lower classes changed. Relations between the upper and lower classes changed. Workers, now in short supply, demanded higher wages. Workers, now in short supply, demanded higher wages. Peasants staged uprisings in several European countries. Peasants staged uprisings in several European countries.

4. The Hundred Years’ War (1337 – 1453) 1328 The king of France died. 1328 The king of France died. English king Edward III claimed the French throne. English king Edward III claimed the French throne. French Assembly chose Philip VI. French Assembly chose Philip VI. 1337 Edward invaded France starting the Hundred Years’ War. 1337 Edward invaded France starting the Hundred Years’ War.

5. Joan of Arc French teenager believed that God spoke to her through visions. French teenager believed that God spoke to her through visions. Led the French to victory against the English at Orleans. Led the French to victory against the English at Orleans. Was later captured by the English, accused of heresy, tortured, and burned at the stake. Was later captured by the English, accused of heresy, tortured, and burned at the stake.

6. Results of The Hundred Years’ War The war lasted for 116 years. The war lasted for 116 years. England lost the War. England lost the War. By 1453 France controlled most of England’s French lands. By 1453 France controlled most of England’s French lands. Saw the use of new weapons in Europe. Saw the use of new weapons in Europe. –longbow –Gun powder and cannons. Parliament gained more power over the king. Parliament gained more power over the king.

7. The War of the Roses (1455) War between the houses of York and Lancaster for England’s throne. War between the houses of York and Lancaster for England’s throne. In 1485 Henry Tudor of the House of Lancaster won the war by defeating King Richard III of York. In 1485 Henry Tudor of the House of Lancaster won the war by defeating King Richard III of York. King Henry VII set up a strong monarchy in England by marring a daughter from the House of York. King Henry VII set up a strong monarchy in England by marring a daughter from the House of York.

8. A Fight for the French Throne French royal family was divided during the Hundred Years’ War. French royal family was divided during the Hundred Years’ War. House of Burgundy sided with the English against the House of Orleans. House of Burgundy sided with the English against the House of Orleans. Joan of Arc helped unite France. Joan of Arc helped unite France. Charles VII of Orleans was crowned king of France. Charles VII of Orleans was crowned king of France. The French backed their new king and drove out the English. The French backed their new king and drove out the English.

9. Return of a Strong King During the Hundred Years’ War, the French Estates General controlled finances and passed laws. During the Hundred Years’ War, the French Estates General controlled finances and passed laws. After the war the Estates General lost some of its power. After the war the Estates General lost some of its power. In 1461 Louis XI followed Charles VII as king. In 1461 Louis XI followed Charles VII as king. Louis made the French monarchy even stronger. Louis made the French monarchy even stronger. Under Louis, France became a united country. Under Louis, France became a united country.

10. Spain Spain became a united nation in 1479 under Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. Spain became a united nation in 1479 under Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. In 1492 the Spanish army drove out the last of the Moors. In 1492 the Spanish army drove out the last of the Moors. Ferdinand and Isabella took power away from church courts and from the nobles. Ferdinand and Isabella took power away from church courts and from the nobles. Ordered all Jews and Muslims to convert to Christianity or leave Spain. Ordered all Jews and Muslims to convert to Christianity or leave Spain.

11. Church Power Weakens Power was shifting from popes to kings. Power was shifting from popes to kings. People began to question church practices. People began to question church practices. 1294 conflict arose between Pope Boniface VIII and Philip IV of France. 1294 conflict arose between Pope Boniface VIII and Philip IV of France.

12. The Babylonian Captivity Philip IV has French bishop, Clement V, elected new pope. Philip IV has French bishop, Clement V, elected new pope. 1309, Clement moved the headquarters of the church to Avignon, France. 1309, Clement moved the headquarters of the church to Avignon, France. After Clement, the next six popes lived in Avignon. After Clement, the next six popes lived in Avignon. The years the popes lived in Avignon are known as the Babylonian Captivity. The years the popes lived in Avignon are known as the Babylonian Captivity.

13. The Great Schism 1377, pope Gregory XI returned to Rome. 1377, pope Gregory XI returned to Rome. After Gregory’s death the cardinals elect an Italian pope to please local mobs. After Gregory’s death the cardinals elect an Italian pope to please local mobs. Later the cardinals elect a French pope that again moved the church to Avignon. Later the cardinals elect a French pope that again moved the church to Avignon. Until 1417 the church had at least two popes. Until 1417 the church had at least two popes. The Council of Constance ended the Great Schism. The Council of Constance ended the Great Schism. This period of church history is called the Great Schism. This period of church history is called the Great Schism.

14. More Problems for the Church John Wycliffe a priest and teacher at Oxford University began to criticize the church. John Wycliffe a priest and teacher at Oxford University began to criticize the church. Thought that individuals should be allowed to read and interpret scripture for themselves. Thought that individuals should be allowed to read and interpret scripture for themselves. His ideas were appealing to many Europeans. Had the Bible translated to English. His ideas were appealing to many Europeans. Had the Bible translated to English. Wycliffe’s questioning of church authority set the stage for later reformers who would radically alter the history of the Christian church. Wycliffe’s questioning of church authority set the stage for later reformers who would radically alter the history of the Christian church. Convicted of heresy but spared execution. Banned from teaching and forced to retire. Convicted of heresy but spared execution. Banned from teaching and forced to retire.

15. More Problems for the Church Jan Huss: Teacher at University of Prague. Jan Huss: Teacher at University of Prague. Agreed with Wycliffe’s teachings and began criticizing the church. Agreed with Wycliffe’s teachings and began criticizing the church. Hus was convicted of heresy, excommunicated, and executed. Hus was convicted of heresy, excommunicated, and executed. Burned at the stake in 1415. Burned at the stake in 1415.

16. Review How did the Hundred Years’ War affected England and France? How did the Hundred Years’ War affected England and France? How did Spain’s rulers strengthen their nation? How did Spain’s rulers strengthen their nation? What factors led to the decline of the Catholic Church in the later Middle Ages? What factors led to the decline of the Catholic Church in the later Middle Ages? How did the Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism affected the church? How did the Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism affected the church? How did great teachers and priests challenge the church during the later Middle Ages? How did great teachers and priests challenge the church during the later Middle Ages?