1. Investigation 1: Separating Mixtures By Mr. V. Calzada

2. Vocabulary mixture solution solubility saturation solute solvent

3. Vocabulary A mixture is a combination of two or more substances/ingredients that can be separated with the use of a filter or screen, the physical properties of its ingredients stay the same, and a new substance is not created because atoms don’t join together. The ingredients are not evenly mixed.

4. Vocabulary A solution is a combination of two or more substances/ingredients that can not be separated easily, the physical properties of its ingredients change, and a new substance is created because atoms chemically join. The ingredients are evenly mixed. Solute: the substance that dissolves in a solvent. Salt Solvent: the substance that does the dissolving of the solute water

5. Vocabulary Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve.

6. Vocabulary Saturation is the point at which a substance/solute will no longer dissolve in a solvent.

7. Introduction: We will be investigating the properties of solid and liquid materials using a variety of tools and techniques. Precautions to avoid hazards! Remember never to taste any materials unless you have been given permission to do so. Don’t blow on dry chemicals as the powder could get in someone’s eye. Cup your hands when taking the scent of a substance. If spills or any concerns occur, tell your teacher! Remember to practice safety procedures before, during, and after the investigation.

8. Group Roles Leader keeps group on task. Recorder will write down data. Getter 1 will get chemicals from chemicals storehouse. Getter 2 will get materials from materials station. Assigned Role Assigned Role 2 Assigned Role 3 Assigned Role 4 Group 1LeaderRecorderGetter 1Getter 2 Group 2LeaderRecorderGetter 1Getter 2 Group 3LeaderRecorderGetter 1Getter 2

9. Scientific Method: Step 1: Problem Do physical and characteristics properties of matter such as color, texture, and solubility help to identify simple mixtures and solutions?

10. Scientific Method: Step 2 Research What is a physical property? Any properties that can observed with your 5 senses. What is characteristic property? Properties that will never change in matter.

11. Physical and Characteristic Properties of Matter

12. Scientific Method: Step 3: Hypothesis “Properties such a color, texture, and solubility can help identify combined substances as either mixtures or solutions.”

13. Scientific Method: Step 4: Plan to test the Hypothesis Gather your materials. Specific types and amounts. 3 to 4 hand lenses6 50 ml cups 3 sticky notes 1 5cc spoon1 50 ml syringe 1 coffee filter 1 paper towel roll Chemicals 5 cc of gravel5 cc of powder 5 cc of kosher salt Volume

14. Scientific Method: Step 4: Plan to test the Hypothesis Procedures: Part 1: Observe and Compare properties of materials. 1.Getter 1 will get 3 50 milliliter cups 2.Getter 2 will get 3 sticky notes. 3.Team labels cups with a “G” “P” and “S” (Team Leader keep group on task) 4.Tape labels to cups. 5.Getter 1 gets 5cc of gravel in the G cup. 6.Getter 2 gets 5 cc of powder in the P cup. 7.Leader gets 5 cc of kosher salt in the S cup.

15. Scientific Method: Step 4: Plan to test the Hypothesis Procedures: Part 2: Observe and Compare properties of materials by adding water to each cup. 1.Getter 2 uses a 50 ml syringe and adds 50 ml of water to the gravel. 1.Fully submerge the syringe in the water and absorb water from the 1 liter container of water.) 2.Precautions: 1.Point syringe away from others. 2.Use paper towels to clean up spills. 3.Slowly pour water into cups. 2.Getter 1 gets a craft stick and mixes the 50 ml of water with the 5 cc of gravel. 3.Team observes and discusses while recorder writes down team observations. 1.(Did the physical properties of the gravel and water change?)

16. Scientific Method: Step 4: Plan to test the Hypothesis Procedures: Part 3: Separating mixtures with screens. 1.Getter 2 label a second set of cups “G”, “P”, and “S”. 2.Place a screen over an empty, labeled cup. 3.Stir the mixture thoroughly. 4.Pour the mixture of gravel and water through the screen into the second empty cup. 1.Were you able to separate the mixture? 5.Recorder write down your team results. 6.Repeat steps 1 – 4 for the powder/water mixture. 7.Repeat steps 1 - 4 for the salt/water mixture.

17. Scientific Method: Step 4: Plan to test the Hypothesis Procedures: Part 4: Separating mixtures with filters. (If the screen doesn’t separate the mixture, repeat the process with a filter paper and funnel.) 1.Insert three wooden legs into a clear plastic funnel. 2.Prepare a filter paper by folding the round paper filter in quarters, opening it up to form a cone, and placing it in the funnel. 3.Mix the powder and water mixture through the filter. 4.Record your results. 5.Repeat steps 1 – 4 for the salt and water mixture. 6.Record your results.

18. Scientific Method: Step 5: Test the Hypothesis Make observations by collecting and analyzing data. Procedures: Part 1: Observe and Compare properties of materials. 1.Getter 1 will get 3 50 milliliter cups 2.Getter 2 will get 3 sticky notes. 3.Team labels cups with a “G” “P” and “S” (Team Leader keep group on task) 4.Tape labels to cups. 5.Getter 1 gets 5cc of gravel in the G cup. 6.Getter 2 gets 5 cc of powder in the P cup. 7.Leader gets 5 cc of kosher salt in the S cup.

19. Scientific Method: Step 5 Test the Hypothesis Make Observations. Collect data Analyze data ColorTextureParticle shape Particle sizeOther: Scent/Odor Gravel Powder Salt (sodium Chloride) Observable Physical Properties!

20. Scientific Method: Step 5 Test the Hypothesis Make Observations. Collect data Analyze data ColorTextureParticle shape Particle sizeOther: Scent/Odor GravelMulticoloredRough, sharpIrregular shape Different sizes No odor PowderWhite opaqueSmoothRoundMicroscopic, small Beach water Salt (sodium Chloride) White transparent SharpCubeSmallSalty Observable Physical Properties!

21. Scientific Method: Step 5 Test the Hypothesis What do you think might happen if you add water to each cup containing the dry materials?

22. Scientific Method: Step 5: Test the Hypothesis Procedures: Part 2: Observe and Compare properties of materials by adding water to each cup. 1.Getter 2 uses a 50 ml syringe and adds 50 ml of water to the gravel. 1.Fully submerge the syringe in the water and absorb water from the 1 liter container of water. 2.Precautions: 1.Point syringe away from others. 2.Use paper towels to clean up spills. 3.Slowly pour water into cups. 2.Getter 1 gets a craft stick and mixes the 50 ml of water with the 5 cc of gravel. 3.Team observes and discusses while recorder writes down team observations. 1.(Did the physical properties of the gravel and water change?)

23. Scientific Method: Step 5 Test the Hypothesis Make Observations. Collect data Analyze data Observable Physical Properties! Gravel and water Powder and water Salt and water

24. Scientific Method: Step 5 Test the Hypothesis Make Observations. Collect data Analyze data Observable Physical Properties! Gravel and waterGravel got wet but properties remained the same. The water properties remained the same. Powder and waterThe powder is wet but properties remained the same. The water got cloudy and turned white. Salt and waterThe salt dissolved (got small). The water properties remained the same except for the taste.

25. What is a mixture? When you put two or more materials/substances together, you make a mixture. The G cup has a mixture of gravel and water and so forth. Breakfast cereal, chocolate milk, pancake batter, egg salad are all examples of mixtures. The substances in a simple mixture can always be separated with the use of a filter or a screen. The substances mix unevenly. The substances when mixed together are not transparent. Substances keep their physical properties. No new substances are created.

26. How can mixtures be separated?

27. Scientific Method: Step 5: Test the Hypothesis (Making Observations by collecting and analyzing data.) Procedures: Part 3: Separating mixtures with screens. 1.Getter 2 label a second set of cups “G”, “P”, and “S”. 2.Place a screen over an empty, labeled cup. 3.Stir the mixture thoroughly. 4.Pour the mixture of gravel and water through the screen into the second empty cup. 1.Were you able to separate the mixture? 5.Recorder write down your team results. 6.Repeat test over several trials so the data collected can be dependable and reliable. 7.Repeat steps 1 – 4 for the powder/water mixture. 8.Repeat steps 1 - 4 for the salt/water mixture.

28. Scientific Method: Step 5 Test the Hypothesis ScreenFilter Paper Gravel Powder Salt Make observations Collect data. Analyze data.

29. Scientific Method: Step 5 Test the Hypothesis ScreenFilter Paper GravelYes PowderNo SaltNo Make observations Collect data. Analyze data.

30. Scientific Method: Step 5: Test the Hypothesis Procedures: Part 4: Separating mixtures with filters. (If the screen doesn’t separate the mixture, repeat the process with a filter paper and funnel.) 1.Insert three wooden legs into a clear plastic funnel. 2.Prepare a filter paper by folding the round paper filter in quarters, opening it up to form a cone, and placing it in the funnel. 3.Mix the powder and water thoroughly. 4.Pour the mixture through the filter. 5.Repeat tests over several trials so data can be dependable and reliable. 6.Record your results. 7.Repeat steps 1 – 5 for the salt and water mixture. 8.Record your results.

31. Scientific Method: Step 5 Test the Hypothesis ScreenFilter Paper GravelYes PowderNo SaltNo Make observations Collect data. Analyze data.

32. Scientific Method: Step 5 Test the Hypothesis ScreenFilter Paper GravelYes PowderNoYes SaltNo Make observations Collect data. Analyze data.

33. Scientific Method: Step 5 Plan to Test the Hypothesis Observations: The gravel and powder mixture was separated with a simple screen so it must be a simple mixture The powder and powder mixture was separated with a coffee filter so it must be a simple mixture. The salt and water mixture could not be separated with the screen or filter. The salt just went right through the holes.

34. Scientific Method: Step 6 Conclusion Arrive at a conclusion: The salt/water mixture is not a simple mixture. The salt seems to disappear in the water and the mixture can’t be separated from the water with a filter. It is a special kind of mixture, called a solution. Salt seem to disappears but in reality it dissolves (gets smaller and smaller) in water to make a saltwater solution. My hypothesis was correct. Properties like solubility of a substance can help to identify a mixture as a either a simple mixture that can be separated or a solution in which the substances can not be easily separated

35. A salt water solution can only be separated through evaporation.

36. Notes over Solutions Solutions can not be separated through the use of a filter or screen. Solutions are transparent. In a solution, the atoms in substances tend to chemically join and create new substances. The substances in a solution mix evenly. Solutions can be separated through evaporation or other complicated process like boiling.