1. Semantic Web Technologies Web Site syllabus still developing - http://courses.ischool.utexas.edu/Turnbull_Don/20 08/fall/INF_385T-SW/ http://courses.ischool.utexas.edu/Turnbull_Don/20 08/fall/INF_385T-SW/ Everyone signed up? - Listserv - Blog - Tagging system? delicious.com Weekly, if not daily Web use & posting to keep up with these topics Research Presentation Topics

2. The Big Question(s) What is the Semantic Web? How do semantic technologies work? - What are Web services? - What are the information structures and formats for semantic data? What are Web 2.0 applications? How can Semantic Web technologies be used to improve and develop information access?

3. Semantic Web Technologies? What do you think now? Let’s expand the term (& the class) How promising can they be? - For people - With culture - As everyday systems Is it a new way to solve problems? - Or A new set of capabilities & solutions?

4. Semantic Web ideas Machine (system) use of metadata automatically The network is the delivery system & addressing scheme - Network properties are metadata too Markup languages can express meaning - Formatting too - Context matters Meaning clusters into taxonomies - So does use & intent Taxonomies can fit into ontologies - Logical rules define the data & its relationships

5. Semantic Web tech at work Originally: Semantics provide the mechanism to share data among applications Semantic also provide mechanisms to share system resources - Client/server - Browser/server - Server/server Markup (XML) is easily translatable - Especially in comparison to pre-existing methods Technology as philosophy - Classification for universal application - Small pieces, loosely joined

6. Semantic Web elements XML - Structured markup languages RDF DAML + OIL XHTML - Universal Resource Identifiers Universal Resource Identifiers URLs of course Structured, parsable addressing -http://www.shadows.com/tags/semantic_webhttp://www.shadows.com/tags/semantic_web -http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/austinhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/austin -http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/external- search/103-3992378- 7183068?keyword=ajax&tag=donturnbullweb&mode=b ookshttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/external- search/103-3992378- 7183068?keyword=ajax&tag=donturnbullweb&mode=b ooks

7. Structure is the gateway Web Services - The URI describes the functional parameters - The system does the RESTREST - The client is a smart interpreter of the results Web services have a grammar - Defined by standards - Initiated by the URI The request - Implemented by the system The supplied Logic, Classification & Ontologies all provide additional functionality & structure We don’t have to reinvent the wheel every time - Build upon other’s work - Using standards helps ensure their universality

8. Context is the reason Semantics help us discover context of the information - What it’s about - Who can (best) use it When Where The growth of products and services based on semantics & context

9. Why use Semantic Web Tech? Easier development? Beginning of a focus on structured information? An organized Data Warehouse? Make sense of huge amounts of data - Make sensible small pieces of data, one at a time Are we talking about the technology for Knowledge Management? Integrating systems logically helps users understand current information & provides new information in context

10. Application domains Ecommerce CRM KDD, Data mining & data warehousing Information Retrieval Information Seeking - Findability - Discovery EDI - Sharing - Translating - B2B applications Integrating user context into selection & presentation of information

11. Hype, Promise or Practical? Where is the Semantic Web now? Are Semantic Web technologies being used now? Where uppercase Semantic Web technologies fail, lowercase semantics may meet them in the middle Cooperating systems level the field (somewhat) - Push us to adopt unintended standards that can be improved as they develop - Help us define the information we have now for use in new ways

12. Semantic Organization(s)? The best ideas for dealing with increasing volumes of information Impact at all phases - Capture & Creation - Production (Organization) - Integration (of everything?) Records Management Classification - Discovery Putting information to use Universal access methods & interfaces - Application (Results) Actionable tasks from the information

13. Knowledge Centric Organizations Validation Markup Annotation Semantic Translation Storage Service initialization (registration) Use - Search - Browse - Access with other services or tools

14. Is it all really about search? - Discovery of knowledge via taxonomies - Web service based data searches - Search by association By example Facets - Pattern searches OLAP reporting Status & monitoring - Interfaces & agents Ease of use Automatic use (or help) - Rule-based queries Structured Query Language for structured data? - Inference Personalized search

15. Improving search What would you do? - Tagging systems for retrieval help - Different kinds of information (images) - Better interfaces for search query formulation - Better interfaces for search results display - Take unstructured information & build taxonomies or ontologies for organization - Enable easier comparison of information Expose the metadata & make it understandable - Improve existing search using Web services

16. SWT Strategy XML Markup Expose content to Web services Build Web Services - Use existing platforms & systems first Make APIs & registries for Web services - Build on top of existing systems & toolkits Construct ontologies - Start with taxonomies Provide interfaces for improvement - Services - Users to markup informaiton Integrate with Search systems Portal

17. Semantic Web “bring structure to the meaningful content of Web pages, creating an environment where software agents roaming from page to page can readily carry out sophisticated tasks for users” (Berners-Lee, 2001) Meaningful? Content? Agents? Tasks?

18. Semantic Web Elements Expressing Meaning Knowledge Representation Ontologies Agents Evolution of Knowledge The Meaningful Web? - For us or for agents?

19. Expressing Meaning Documents for People Information for Systems Structure & Meaningful content Real World Rules - “Carry out sophisticated tasks for users” p1 Real World Limitations Extension of the Current Web Decentralized - Access from anywhere - Addressable

20. Knowledge Representation Structured Collections of Information Sets of Inference Rules Automated Reasoning Without Centralized Control - How can this be negotiated between systems? - How can users verify or trust information & actions? Massive Concurrency Coordination - Does everything have to be dumb so it can be smart? Using logic (grammar) for description & action - RDF - subject, verb & object

21. Ontologies A philosophical view of the world - For SWT: “a file that formally defines the relationships among items” p3 Consistency of Object Classification - Object Oriented information organization Inferences build a Taxonomy of Object Uses Ontological logic helps remove ambiguity & allows for sharing & coordination - Translations, not canonical definitions - Context

22. Agents Programs That Use Semantic Web Content - These programs build upon each other - Exchanging information between them More Automated as Systems and Content Support Increases Digital Signatures - The Semantics of Trust - Exchanging proofs Service Discovery Ontology Exchanges - Fitting my ontology into yours & sorting out the rules Coordination of machines first, then information?

23. Evolution of Knowledge Extend from Virtual to Physical World - Other Devices & Platforms - Composite Capability/Preference Profile - Complex Relationships and Interactions - Extend to Individuals (Characteristics) - Locations (Temporal) A way for small pieces of information to be integrated with others Mapping relationships between information - Ideas & practices URIs are the gateway with discoverable services & semantic markup

24. Semantic Web Issues Is it the Biggest Database Ever - Is it the ONLY Database? Should data be Decentralized or Partitioned? - Concurrency? (Time) - Currency? (Money) Knowledge Representation - Computational Issues How can all this meaning be derived for everyone? -Just for me on my system? - Cultural Issues Meaning & conventions - Classification Issues One scheme for everyone & every system? Does “People Readable” Information go away or get better?

25. Assignments 20% Class Participation - Discussion in class - Blogging - Tagging - Overview notes of the weekly Primary Readings Use as our class discussion notes and turn in at the end of class 20% Technology Topic Presentation 20% Vertical Topic Presentation 40% Final Research Overview Paper or Development Project

26. Technology Topic Presentations Choose a topic (and corresponding week) to overview Topic Presentations should include: - Overview of the technology - Provide examples of the technology in use - Show how to build using the technology (examples) - A list of citations and readings that you drew from and for extended reference Do not rely on wikipedia & blogs as your only sources Academic journal & conference papers Books (development or conceptual design) How can these Semantic Web technologies help coordinate, discover, organize information and knowledge? Your own point of view about the practicality & promise of these tools & procedures

27. Technology Presentation Topics RDF Metadata (e.g. Dublin Core) Ontology building & editing (applications) REST, XMLHttpRequest & AJAX Greasemonkey Javascript Introduction Javascript Advanced Social Media Tagging systems Mashups eCommerce WebServices, APIs Cloud Computing

28. Vertical Presentations Topics Semantics and a vertical market or industry - Semantic Law - Semantic Education - Semantic Biology - Semantic Medicine - Semantic Government - Semantic Geography - Semantic Games - Semantic Finance - …

29. Research Paper Put together your own thoughts in a researched opinion about a subject related to the Semantic Web (or semantic web) 7 -10 pages (not including endnotes & citations) Topical & original thought on the topic Could be read as an essay, but with scholarly evidence to support your ideas & opinions

30. Development Project A demonstration-quality application that uses Semantic Web, Web Services or Web 2.0 functionalities & philosophies - AJAX application development - GreaseMonkey scripts - Taxonomy generation for a set of resources - GUIs for applications using Web vendor APIs (e.g. the Amazon API) - Novel visualization interfaces for viewing ontologies, taxonomies or tag clouds

31. Next Week Readings & Discussion - Bring your first Single Page Review paper Blogging & Tagging (ongoing) Initial topics & presentation dates Rough speaker schedule - Suggestions welcomed