1. The Byzantine Empire
Created by Amy Perez

2. Remember Rome? Deteriorating after 1,000 years
Corrupt Government
High taxes, inflation, unemployment, disease
Deteriorating after 1,000 years
Invasions led to a new capitol
Military Decline
Invasions by barbarian tribes
Constantinople
Mediterranean Sea

3. Empire Divides After Constantine
East
West

4. Western Empire falls in 476 A.D.
The Dark Ages begin
(The Middle Ages)
War
Feudalism
Disease
Ignorance

5. Western Empire falls in 476 A.D.
The Dark Ages begin
(The Middle Ages)
But in the East…
War
Feudalism
Disease
Ignorance

6. Eastern Empire becomes
And lasts for 1,000 years
Center of Learning
Trade
Philosophy
Medicine
Architecture
Law Code

7. Capital: Constantinople
Byzantium
Reasons for Survival
Location
Culture
Government
Military Army
Reasons for Decline
Emperor Justinian
Restoring the Empire
Code of Laws
Hagia Sophia
A New Christianity
Eastern vs. Western
Patriarch
Icons
The Schism
Capital: Constantinople
Surrounded by water on 3 sides
Thick walls surrounded city
Center of trade
Traders came on land and water from various regions of the world (Europe, Africa, and Asia)

8. Constantinople in A.D. 550 MAP SKILLS
What might prevent or slow an invasion into Constantinople from the west?
What are the benefits of conquering Constantinople?

9. Why the Byzantine Empire Survived Constantinople’s Location
Byzantium
Reasons for Survival
Location
Culture
Government
Large Army
Reasons for Decline
Emperor Justinian
Restoring the Empire
Code of Laws
Hagia Sophia
A New Christianity
Eastern vs. Western
Patriarch
Icons
The Schism
Large Army
Merchants and common people were taxed to provide for an army
Cultures
Byzantium blended Roman, Greek, Middle Eastern, and Christian cultures.
Why the Byzantine Empire Survived
Constantinople’s Location
Favorable location for trade and defense; between Europe and Asia; brought great wealth.
Strong Government
Strong laws helped emperors rule with absolute power. They controlled the State and the Church.

10. Mysterious Plague of Justinian
Byzantium
Reasons for Survival
Location
Culture
Government
Large Army
Reasons for Decline
Emperor Justinian
Restoring the Empire
Code of Laws
Hagia Sophia
A New Christianity
Eastern vs. Western
Patriarch
Icons
The Schism
Why did it Decline?
Mysterious Plague of Justinian
Broke out in 542 A.D. killing thousands each day
Plague returned every 8-10 years, decreasing the population
The Crusades
Armies of knights from Western Europe pillaged the capital
Invasions
Frequent attacks from all sides shrank the size of the empire
Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453

11. BREAK! Preventing Death by Lecture
Everybody run in place
Keep running, and find a partner
Older student is partner 1
Younger student is partner 2
Partner 1: List 4 reasons why the Byzantine Empire survived
Partner 2: List 3 reasons why the Byzantine Empire declined
When you have listed your reasons, stop running in place and return to your desk

12. Emperor Justinian Educated, wise, strong ruler
Byzantium
Reasons for Survival
Location
Culture
Government
Large Army
Reasons for Decline
Emperor Justinian
Restoring the Empire
Code of Laws
Hagia Sophia
A New Christianity
Eastern vs. Western
Patriarch
Icons
The Schism
Emperor Justinian
Educated, wise, strong ruler
Extended rights to women
Buy and own land, financial freedoms
Improved the capital by building:
Walls, bridges, parks, public baths, a palace, courts, schools, hospitals, churches, and markets

13. Byzantium
Reasons for Survival
Location
Culture
Government
Large Army
Reasons for Decline
Emperor Justinian
Restoring the Empire
Code of Laws
Hagia Sophia
A New Christianity
Eastern vs. Western
Patriarch
Icons
The Schism
Restoring the Empire
Justinian’s army regained control of Italy and restored the Roman Empire once again

14. Code Consisted of 4 Works
Byzantium
Reasons for Survival
Location
Culture
Government
Large Army
Reasons for Decline
Emperor Justinian
Restoring the Empire
Code of Laws
Hagia Sophia
A New Christianity
Eastern vs. Western
Patriarch
Icons
The Schism
Code of Justinian
Justinian organized Roman laws into a single code which served for 900 years
New laws added:
RELIGION: Required all persons to belong to the Eastern Orthodox Church
Code Consisted of 4 Works
The Code
Contained Roman laws
The Digest
50 volumes of legal opinion
The Institutes
Textbook for law students
The Novellae
New laws passed after 534 A.D.

15. Interior Dome of Hagia Sophia
Byzantium
Reasons for Survival
Location
Culture
Government
Large Army
Reasons for Decline
Emperor Justinian
Restoring the Empire
Code of Laws
Hagia Sophia
A New Christianity
Eastern vs. Western
Patriarch
Icons
The Schism
Hagia Sophia
Beautiful churches showed connection between Church and State
Hagia Sophia (“Holy Wisdom”) was rebuilt after riots and became the emperor’s crowning glory
Rich mosaics of saints and Jesus glittered in candle light
Interior Dome of Hagia Sophia

16. Christianity Divides Byzantium Emperor Justinian A New Christianity
Reasons for Survival
Location
Culture
Government
Large Army
Reasons for Decline
Emperor Justinian
Restoring the Empire
Code of Laws
Hagia Sophia
A New Christianity
Eastern vs. Western
Patriarch
Icons
The Schism
Christianity Divides
Preview:
What might cause a church to divide against itself?

17. Differences Between Eastern and Western Christianity
Byzantium
Reasons for Survival
Location
Culture
Government
Large Army
Reasons for Decline
Emperor Justinian
Restoring the Empire
Code of Laws
Hagia Sophia
A New Christianity
Eastern vs. Western
Patriarch
Icons
The Schism
Differences Between Eastern and Western Christianity
West:
Roman Catholic
East:
Eastern Orthodox
Services in Latin
Services in Greek or local language
Pope has authority over all bishops
The patriarch and other bishops head the church as a group
Pope claims authority over all kings and emperors
Emperor claims authority over the patriarch and bishops
Priests cannot marry
Priests can married
Divorce is not allowed
Divorce is allowed

18. The Patriarch The leading bishop in the east Bowed to the emperor
Byzantium
Reasons for Survival
Location
Culture
Government
Large Army
Reasons for Decline
Emperor Justinian
Restoring the Empire
Code of Laws
Hagia Sophia
A New Christianity
Eastern vs. Western
Patriarch
Icons
The Schism
The leading bishop in the east
Bowed to the emperor
Emperor ruled over patriarch
The Patriarch

19. Byzantium
Reasons for Survival
Location
Culture
Government
Large Army
Reasons for Decline
Emperor Justinian
Restoring the Empire
Code of Laws
Hagia Sophia
A New Christianity
Eastern vs. Western
Patriarch
Icons
The Schism
What is an Icon?
Religious images used in worship and ceremony to aid devotion
Orthodox churches decorated with icons

20. Byzantium
Reasons for Survival
Location
Culture
Government
Large Army
Reasons for Decline
Emperor Justinian
Restoring the Empire
Code of Laws
Hagia Sophia
A New Christianity
Eastern vs. Western
Patriarch
Icons
The Schism
The Schism
In 1054, the Pope and the Patriarch excommunicated each other
Christianity was permanently divided between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East

21. Roman Catholic Pope Benedict Eastern Orthodox Patriarch Bartholomew
MODERN CONNECTIONS:
Today, the heads of both Christian Churches show goodwill towards one another though there is no movement to reunite the churches.
What do these two men seem to be doing?
In what ways are they alike?
What differences separate them?

22. Influence on Russia Russia was greatly influenced by Byzantium
Reasons for Survival
Location
Culture
Government
Military Army
Reasons for Decline
Emperor Justinian
Restoring the Empire
Code of Laws
Hagia Sophia
A New Christianity
Eastern vs. Western
Patriarch
Icons
The Schism
Influence on Russia
Russia was greatly influenced by Byzantium
Orthodox Christianity
Cyrillic alphabet
Crafts and products
In the 9th century, Russia emerged as a state centered around the city of Kiev

23. The Byzantine Empire
Created by Amy Perez