1. Irwin/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Irwin/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 5 Police Functions Chapter 5 Police Functions

2. Irwin/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Alternative Response: Citizen Satisfaction C5-S1 Figure 5.1 Source: J. Thomas McEwen, Edward F. Connors III, and Marcia I. Cohen, Evaluation of the Differential Police Response Field Test (Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice 1994), p. 102. Mobile Civilian Mobile Delayed Mobile Telephone Report 020406080100 SatisfiedDissatisfied Type of Response Percent

3. Irwin/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 How Do Police Officers Define Their Roles: In Terms of Traditional Policing or Community Policing? C5-S2 Table 5.1 High PriorityLow Priority 1.Seizing drugs, guns, and1.Reducing citizens’ fear of other contraband.crime.* 2.Reactive policing—handling2.Reducing public disorder.* calls for service.3.Encouraging public involvement in neighborhood improvements. 4.Making arrests. 5.Issuing citations. *Goals that are associated with community policing. Source: Stephen D. Mastrofski, Rober B. Parks, Albert J. Reiss, Jr., and Robert E. Worden, Policing Neighborhoods: A Report from Indianapolis (National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, July 1998). A Study in Indianapolis

4. Irwin/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 How Hot Spot Patrols Seized Guns C5-S3 Figure 5.2 Source: Lawrence W. Sherman, James W. Shaw, and Dennis P. Rogan, The Kansas City Gun Experiment. (National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, January 1995), p. 5. Plain view 21% (6) Frisk for safety 34% (10) Search upon arrest 45% (13)

5. Irwin/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Police Workload in Wilmington, Delaware, Unit Activity File (UAF) C5-S4 Table 5.2 Type of Activity*Total Hours% Hours Free patrol20,93129.45 Crime-related activity18,54926.34 Administrative activity 8,65812.30 Traffic-related activity 7,95811.32 Order-maintenance activity 6,145 8.73 Unavailable for assignment 3,614 5.13 Medical-related activity 1,647 2.36 Total UAF district car time70,396100.0 *Type of activity Free patrol includes “park and walk” and “clear.” Crime-related activity includes “office in trouble,” “suspicious person/vehicle,” “crime in progress,” “alarm,” “investigate—not in progress,” “service warrant/subpoena,” and “assist other police.” Administrative activity includes “meal break,” “report writing,” “firearms training,” “police vehicle maintenance,” “at headquarters,” and “court-related.” Traffic-related activity includes “traffic accident investigation,” “parking problems,” “motor vehicle driving problems,” “traffic control,” and “fire emergency.” Order-maintenance activity includes “order maintenance—in progress,” “animal complaint,” and “noise complaint.” Unavailable for assignment includes “unavailable for assignment.” Medical-related activity includes “medical emergency” and “at local hospital.” Source: Adapted from Jack R. Greene and Carl B. Klockars, “What Police Do,” in Thinking About Police, eds. Carl B. Klockars and Stephen D. Mastrofski, 2nd ed. (NY: McGraw-Hill, 1991), pp. 273-284, 279.

6. Irwin/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 When Police Officers Say They Would Engage in Pursuits C5-S5 Table 5.3 Level of Risk* ViolationLowHigh Traffic violation43%10% Property crime: misdemeanor4217 Property crime: felony6434 Stolen vehicle6537 DUI7043 Violent felony: no death8780 Violent felony: with death9695 officer shot9695 *Risk was defined by level of traffic congestion, weather conditions, type of road (e.g., whether surface street, highway, or interstate), and area of pursuit (e.g., whether urban, rural, or commercial). In filling out the questionnaire, respondents themselves determined whether they felt their risk was high or low. Source: Data from Metro-Date, Florida, Omaha, Nebraska, Aiken County, South Carolina; and Mesa, Arizona. Geoffrey P. Alpert, Police Pursuit Policies and Training National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, May 1997)., p. 4.