2. Endocrine System

3. The endocrine system is composed of glands and regulates the body by releasing hormones directly into the bloodstream to control body functions such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism.

4. Endocrine System There are over 30 hormones secreted by the endocrine system that even regulate body functions such as mood. When a person is frightened or anxious, a hormone called adrenaline releases into the bloodstream. This hormone speeds the breathing and heart rate, transporting more oxygen to the muscles. As a result, the body creates what is known as the “fight or flight” response. This prepares your body to either fight or get away from whatever is frightening you. These hormones also regulate body temperature, sleep, and stress.

5. Where are the glands?

6. Pineal The pineal gland produces melatonin that helps to regulate wake/sleep patterns.

7. Pituitary The pituitary gland produces a growth hormone which controls growth and homeostasis.

8. Parathyroid The parathyroid gland produces parathormone which controls calcium levels in the body.

9. Thyroid The thyroid gland produces thyroxin to regulate metabolism.

10. Thymus The thymus gland produce hormones that stimulate the production of infection-fighting cells.

11. Adrenals The adrenal glands produce adrenaline in response to physical and emotional stress. “Fight or Flight”

12. Pancreas The pancreas produces insulin which controls sugar levels in the blood.

13. Testes (in males) Testes The testes produce testosterone used in sperm production and the development of male traits.

14. Ovaries (in Females) Ovaries The ovaries produce estrogen used in egg production and the development of female traits.

15. Endocrine System Facts Without glands, there would be no sweat, mucus, and chemical juices in your body. For girls, puberty generally begins sometime between ages 9-13. For boys, puberty generally begins between ages 10-15.