1. Teaching Effective Note Taking Adam Proctor Nicolas Winkel

2. Instructional Strategies

3. Instructional strategies are methods and procedures a teacher uses in the classroom to generate a particular learning outcome from their students.

4. Instructional Strategies “Weaving instructional strategies throughout the instructional day and into student learning nurtures and facilitates further learning development” (Nichols, Young, & Rickleman, 2007, p. 100)

5. The Challenge “Not all students realize either the importance of [instructional strategies] or are unable to draw upon them for comprehending and learning” (Nichols, Young, & Rickleman, 2007, p. 100)

6. The Solution “Student need to be taught when and under what circumstances they should apply particular instructional strategies” “In preparing their student to become more strategic, teachers need to be able to teach as well as encourage their students to systematically use appropriate instructional strategies when interacting with text” (Nichols, Young, & Rickleman, 2007, pp. 101-102)

7. What are some popular instructional strategies? When surveyed for a study on instructional strategy use in the classroom, “teachers report selecting Note-Taking, Graphic Organizers, Brainstorming, Guided Reading, and 3- Minute Pause/Reflection more than the other strategies found on the checklist” “Graphic Organizers, Note-Taking, and Brainstorming were top-selected strategies in 4 of the 5 content areas” (Nichols, Young, & Rickleman, 2007, pp. 109-110)

8. Focus on Note-Taking

9. Is Teaching Effective Note Taking Skills Important? RMS Survey  How important do you think it is for a student to know how to take effective notes? Why?  What method of note taking do you use in your classroom?  What are some benefits of the style of note taking that you use?  Did the students struggle with the concepts at first? If so, are they now taking effective notes?

10. Responses “ I think it is very important for students to know how to take effective notes. At some point in their futures, all students will need to take notes or be able to write down their thoughts in a concise and organized manner.” 8 th Grade Social Studies Teacher “It’s one of my highest priorities early in the year. Many students have NO IDEA how to take notes, because previous teachers threw up overhead after overhead of paragraphs. Many students just copied every sentence down, and that was it. Students need to learn the organization of notes, and see the benefits of them.” 7 th Grade Social Studies Teacher “Effective note taking is extremely important because it helps a student organize the information in a logical way as well as create a resource for him/her later. Effective note taking does not just help the student create something to study with, but shows him/her the importance of being organized along with providing strategies for that organization.” Spanish Teacher

11. The importance of note-taking as an instructional strategy “One major component of learning in content classes involves listening to lecture and recording notes…teachers have ranked note- taking and listening skills as two of the top skills that students should have in their classes” (Boyle, 2010a, p.530)

12. The importance of note-taking as an instructional strategy “Not only do…teacher lectures serve as the primary means of conveying content information to students, but researchers have reported that teachers’ lectures were the major source of information upon which test questions were based” (Boyle, 2010a, p.531)

13. The importance of note-taking as an instructional strategy “When students do not record notes, they perform more poorly on tests and quizzes (students’ scores averaged 44%) than when they do record notes during lectures (students’ scores increased to an average of 79%).” (Boyle, 2010b, p.95)

14. The importance of note-taking as an instructional strategy In addition to performing well on tests, there are other reasons why students need to be effective note-takers. The two most common are: note- taking aids student understanding of lecture information and notes serve to preserve lecture information in the form of a written document for later study.” (Boyle, 2010a, p.531)

15. Note Taking

16. While taking lecture notes, students… Listen to the lecture. Hold the information in their working memory. Decide which important lecture points are worth recording. Write the important points while simultaneously listen to new lecture content. Boyle, 2010a, p 531

17. 21st Century Skills Listening, information retention, identifying important information, and effective information recording serve as the foundation for the 21st Century Skills.

18. Note-taking will be difficult for many students Not all students possess the skills necessary to be an effective note-taker. So, as said before, as teachers, it is important that we take the time to teach our students how to be effective note-takes and also help develop their note-taking skills.

19. Examples of note-taking methods

20. Five Methods of Note Taking The Cornell Method The Outline Method The Mapping Method The Charting Method The Fill In The Blank Method

21. The Cornell Method General Facts How To Create Method Advantages Disadvantages When To Use

22. The Cornell Method : General Facts Provides a systematic format for condensing and organizing notes Preferred Note Taking Method by Riverwood Middle School teachers

23. The Cornell Method: How To Create Grab a piece of paper and start on the first line of the paper. Place your ruler on the paper and measure 2 ½ inch margin on the left. Leave a 6 inch area on the right to take notes. Make a mark at the 2 ½ inch mark and draw a line straight down the paper The left margin is for key words or phrases and the right margin is for facts

24. The Cornell Method: Method Write the important information in the right margin as the teacher lectures. Write a key word in the left margin. When the teacher moves on to a new concept skip a line and do it again To review, cover the right side of the paper exposing only the left keywords. Say the keywords and try to remember as much of the information you wrote down on the right side. Once you have said as much as you can, look at the right side. Repeat if necessary, but once you are able to remember the information and say it, you know it!!!!

25. The Cornell Method: Advantages Organized and Systematic Easy format for pulling out major concepts and ideas Simple and Efficient Time Saving and Effort “Do It Right in the First Place System”

26. The Cornell Method: Disadvantages

27. The Cornell Method: When To Use In any lecture situation Can be used in multiple disciplines

28. The Outline Method General Facts How To Create Advantages Disadvantages When To Use

29. The Outline Method: General Facts Dash or intended outlining can be used in multiple classes General information begins at the left while each specific group or facts intended with spaces to the right Relationships between different parts are carried out through indenting No numbers, letters, or Roman numerals needed

30. The Outline Method: How To Create Place major points farthest to the left Indent each specific point to the right Levels of importance is dictated by the distance away from major points

31. The Outline Method: Advantages Well-organized system, when done right Outlining records content as well as relationships Reduces editing Easy to Review  Turning main points into questions

32. The Outline Method: Disadvantages Requires more thought in the classroom for accurate organization May not show relationships by sequence when needed Can not be used if the lecture is too fast

33. The Outline Method: When To Use The Outline format can be used if the lecture is presented in outline organization Two Forms  Deductive Regular Outline  Inductive Reverse outline where minor points start building to a major point Used most effectively when note taking skills are super and sharp. Also can handle outlining regardless of the note taking situation

34. The Mapping Method General Facts Advantages Disadvantages When To Use

35. The Mapping Method: General Facts Uses Comprehension/concentration skills. Evolves in a note taking form which relates each fact or idea to every other fact or idea Graphic representation of the content Maximizes active participation Affords immediate knowledge as to its understanding Emphasized critical thinking

36. The Mapping Method: Advantages Helps visually track lecture Relationships can easily be seen Easy to edit  Adding Numbers  Marks  Color Coding Review causes student to restructure thought processes  Checks Understanding Review by covering lines for memory drills and relationships Main points can be written on note cards and pieced together into a table

37. The Mapping Method: Disadvantages Might not be able to hear changes in content from major points to facts

38. The Mapping Method: When To Use Lecture content is heavy and well organized Guest Lecturers  No idea how the lecture is going to be presented

39. The Charting Method General Facts Method Advantages Disadvantage When To Uses

40. The Charting Method: General Facts Used in lecture format if lecture is chronological

41. The Charting Method: Method Determine Categories Set up paper in advance  Creating columns headed categories Record information into the appropriate category

42. The Charting Method: Advantages Tracks conversations and dialogues Reduces amount of writing Provides easy review mechanism  Memorization of facts  Study of comparisons and relationships

43. The Charting Method: Disadvantages Learning how to sue the system Locating the appropriate categories Know whats happening in the lecture

44. The Charting Method: When To Use Can be used is most subjects

45. Fill In The Blank Method General Facts Method Advantages Disadvantages When To Use

46. Fill In The Blank Method: General Facts Students are provided a template of the notes FIB notes can follow the text book or teachers notes Requires students to read the text or pay attention to the lecture Effective for Exceptional Children

47. Fill In The Blank Method: Method Students are provided a template of the notes. The notes can follow the book, which requires the students to read the textbook and find the keywords to fill in the blanks. Requires the teacher to be organized and have lessons planned in advance

48. Fill In The Blank Method: Advantages Students are required to find information Less time on writing notes Allows more time to elaborate on certain areas Great method for Exceptional Children Steers students in right direction  Students must find the words and phrases in the text  Students find the information that the teacher wants them to find

49. Fill In The Blank Method: Disadvantages Students rely on FIB notes Students can be confused if FIB notes don't follow the book

50. Fill In The Blank Method: When To Use Can be used in every subject!!!!

51. Questions Do you agree or disagree with what the research says about the importance of note- taking as an instructional strategy? What note-taking method sounds the most appropriate for your class? Should you require that all students in your class use the same note-taking method? Is note-taking a timeless instructional strategy? How do you think technology will affect the note- taking skills of future students?

52. Works Cited  Nichols, W. D., Young, C. A., & Rickelman, R. J. (2007). Improving middle school professional development by examining middle school teachers’ application of literacy strategies and instructional design. Reading Psychology, 28, 98-130.  Boyle, J. R. (2010) Note-taking skills of middle school students with and without learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 43, 530-540.  Boyle, J. R. (2010) Strategic note-taking skills for middle school students with learning disabilities in science class. Learning Disability Quarterly, 33, 93-109.  Hill, JDH, & Flynn, KMF. (2006). Classroom instruction that works with english language learners: chapter 7 summarizing and note taking. Retrieved from http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/106009/chapters/Summarizing-and-Note- Taking.aspx  Focus on effectivness. (2005). Retrieved from http://www.netc.org/focus/strategies/summ.php  Academic Skills Center, Initials. (n.d.). Note taking system. Unpublished manuscript, Academic Skills Center, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California. Retrieved from http://gregteach.net/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Notetaking_Methods.122194151.pdf