1. Welcome! Today is Wednesday, April 16, 2014 – 41614 Service and Study Tours info video and swift site and applications Please:  turn off your phones,  put them away,  take out your:  journals  copy of the class novel,  writing utensil,  Put backpacks on the floor, and Prepare your journals for a Good Grammar Lesson

2. Good Grammar: Commas Purdue OWL PowerPoint presentation

3. Today’s Learning Goals We will be able to better understand why Native Americas experience so many challenges on the reservations and how oppression affects identity and relationships. Progression of Learning  We will learn more about U.S. treatment of Native Americans through history.  We will watch Smoke Signals  We will discuss the development of the characters Thomas and Victor

4. The Reading History Flashback…

5. Character Development Tracking: Victor VictorHow it was at the beginning: What changed it: How it was at the end: Something he learned: His self- image: His relation- ship with Thomas: How he feels about his dad:

6. Character Development Tracking: Thomas ThomasHow it was at the beginning: What changed it: How it was at the end: Something he learned: His self image: His relationship with Victor: How he feels about his parents/ other

7. Subjugation and Assimilation  Indian Appropriations Act authorizes the creation of reservations in Modern day Oklahoma. 1851  President Ulysses S. Grant pursued a stated “Peace Policy” as a possible solution to the conflict including reorganizing of the Indian Service, relocating various tribes from ancestral homes to parcels of land, and the replacement of government officials with religious men. Late 1860s

8. Resistance Efforts  Many tribes ignored the relocation orders and were forced to relocate. US army was called to enforce. Conflicts resulted in massacres and wars. 1860s-70s  Generation after generation, Indian individuals and groups tried to oppose the white man’s attempts to convert, assimilate, deceive, subjugate, and dispossess them. They fought ongoing skirmishes, battles, and wars.

9. Subjugated  Ultimately, the Indians could not win. They were outnumbered, deceived countless times, and unable to match the advanced weaponry of their foes.  By the late 18th century, European-borne disease and continuous warfare had decimated or in some cases completely wiped out entire groups of Indians.

10. Resistance and More Settlers  Many tribes ignored the relocation orders and were forced to relocate. US army was called to enforce. Conflicts resulted in massacres and wars. 1860s-70s  President Grant’s policy resulted in so much conflict, President Hayes phased it our and by 1882 all religious organizations had relinquished their authority to the federal Indian agency. Late 1870s

11. Efforts to Compensate  The individual allotment policy was terminated by the Indian Reorganization Act which set up privatization and tribal sovereignty. 1934  US government invested in infrastructure, health care, and education. And two million acres of land is returned. 1934 to 1954

12. Reflection In your journals, please reflect on the two groups of people, who came into contact.  How did the European Americans view the Native Americans in the late 18 th and early 19 th centuries?  What were the initial results of the contact?  How did the European Americans treat the Native Americans?  What were the effects? Turn and share

13. Character Development Charts

14. Fist to Five I better understand why Native Americas experience so many challenges on the reservations and how oppression affects identity and relationships. Homework  Annotate History Flashback.  Bring “movie watching” treats (popcorn, licorice tub, sodas, etc.) for Smoke Signals.

15. Effective Note-Taking Format Chapter Title and page numbers (One Page for Each Chapter) Text Evidence in the form of quotes “………………” (Junior, pg. 14) Reaction to each quote This quote makes me think……… This actions shows me…… I’m wondering……….. Vocabulary Words and a quick summary of the chapter Information to answer the Essential Questions: What is his identity and how does it develop? and How does it affects the decisions he makes?