2. The Second War for American Independence

3.  France and Britain were at War  Both France and Britain “impressed” American sailors  Impressment - seizing Americans at sea and drafting them into their navy  “War Hawks” pressured US Congress  Westerners thought British were supplying weapons to Indians

4.  Embargo Act of 1807 – prohibited all American trade with foreign ports  Greatly hurt American shipping and the US economy  New Englanders hated Jefferson (“Mad Tom”)

5.  James Madison elected in 1808  Realized that Embargo Act hurt US much more than France or Britain  Passed the “Non-Intercourse Act”  Re-opened American trade with all nations except France and Britain  Would trade with France and Britain if they would respect US neutral rights

6.  War Hawks-- New, young Republicans came to Congress from “frontier” states  War was the only way to  defend American honor  gain Canada  destroy Native American Resistance

7.  Settlers pushing the Indians further westward, creating more conflicts, thought British were supplying arms  Shawnee decided to fight back  Leaders: Tecumseh & Prophet  attempted to unite all tribes east of the Mississippi  1811 -- Battle of Tippecanoe: General William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh

8. JJune 18, 1812 -- Madison asked Congress for a declaration of war WWar was declared, before Britain’s offer to stop was received CCritics referred to “Mr. Madison’s War”

9.  1812 -- US invaded Canada in three places but failed to take over  Burned the Canadian City of York (Toronto)  1813 -- British Fleet destroyed on Lake Erie  American privateers damaged British shipping  British navy blockaded US Coast

10.  Chesapeake Campaign  1814 -- British burned Washington, DC  First Lady Dolley Madison rescued valuables from the White House  Battle of Fort McHenry -- British bombard Baltimore, MD  Francis Scott Key -- wrote The Star Spangled Banner after the Battle of Fort McHenry

11.  Hartford Convention -- Group of New England Federalists were going to Hartford Convention to oppose war, but the war ended before the convention.  Treaty of Ghent signed -- December 24, 1814  1815 -- Battle of New Orleans  Jackson and the Americans defeated the British, Jackson became a hero  militarily insignificant because the war is already over

12.  Britain and US call it a draw -- no one wins  December 1814 -- Treaty of Ghent is signed  Hostilities cease  all borders go back to pre-war status  all land returned to original owners  US Independence is won for good