1. President JAMES MADISON Republican Second of the Virginia Dynasty (3 presidents from Virginia in a row Jeff/Mad/Monroe) Short! Our shortest president 5’ 4” BIG BRAIN Went to Princeton! Called “Father of the Constitution” Inherited problems from Jefferson: a. Weak military b. MAJOR PROBLEMS WITH ENGLAND

2. England never got over losing the Rev. War 1. They harassed our ships 2. They kidnapped (IMPRESSMENT) our sailors

3. The War of 1812 England should easily crush the U.S. but they were busy fighting FRANCE 1814 In 1814 ENGLAND defeats FRANCE and turns their attention to the U.S. 1. BURN DOWN THE WHITE HOUSE 2. Attack FORT McHENRY Baltimore harbor. Poet FRANCIS SCOTT KEY sees the Battle and writes our national anthem THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER

5. Ending the WAR OF 1812 England did not want to fight a long and costly war Both sides decides to stop fighting TREAT OF GHENT 1814 Signed Christmas Eve 1814 ENDS THE WAR JANUARY 1815 Andrew Jackson wins the Battle of New Orleans (the war actually ended two weeks earlier)

7. Results of the War US gains international respect No territory lost! PRIDE!!! Americans gain NATIONALISM: Proud to be Americans Andrew Jackson becomes a national hero