1. CRCT REVIEW! 1

2. 2 MOST IMPORTANT RESOURCES IN SW ASIA 2

3. WATER AND OIL 3

4. WATER RIGHTS 4

5. THE RIGHTS A COUNTRY OR COUNTRIES HAVE TO WATER SOURCES 5

6. EVENT THAT ENDED THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 6

7. WW1 7

8. ETHNIC GROUP OF THE OTTOMANS 8

9. TURKS 9

10. YEAR ISRAEL WAS ESTABLISHED 10

11. 1948 11

12. BALFOUR DECLARATION 12

13. AGREEMENT BY BRITISH TO ESTABLISH ISRAEL 13

14. ETHNIC GROUP OF PALESTINIANS 14

15. ARABS 15

16. MAIN REASON FOR CONFLICT IN ISRAEL 16

17. LAND AND RELIGIOUS TIES FROM JEWS AND ARABS 17

18. ANTI-SEMITISM 18

19. PREJUDICE AND HATRED TOWARDS JEWS 19

20. HOLOCAUST 20

21. THE MURDER OF MILLIONS OF JEWS BY HITLER IN WWII 21

22. PERSIANS 22

23. MAIN ETHNIC GROUP IN IRAN. MAJORITY ARE MUSLIM 23

24. KURDS 24

25. ETHNIC GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO USED TO LIVE IN KURDISTAN (NOW IN IRAQ, IRAN, AND OTHER SW ASIAN COUNTRIES. MAIN RELIGION IS ISLAM 25

26. ARABS 26

27. MAIN ETHNIC GROUP OF SW ASIA. MAJORITY ARE MUSLIMS. 27

28. JEWS 28

29. MAJORITY ETHNIC GROUP OF ISRAEL. RELIGIOUS GROUP IS JEWISH. 29

30. JUDAISM 30

31. RELIGION FOUNDED BY ABRAHAM. FIRST MONOTHEISTIC RELGION. FOLLOWERS ARE CALLED JEWS. HOLY BOOK IS THE TORAH. HOUSE OF WORSHIP IS A SYNAGOGUE. HOLIDAYS ARE HANAUKKAH AND PASSOVER 31

32. CHRISTIANITY 32

33. MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION FOUNDED BY JESUS. JESUS CLAIMED TO BE SON OF GOD. FOLLOWERS ARE CALLED CHRISTIANS. HOLY BOOK IS THE BIBLE. HOUSE OF WORSHIP IS A CHURCH. HOLIDAYS ARE CHRISTMAS AND EASTER. 33

34. ISLAM 34

35. MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION FOUNDED BY MUHAMMAD. GOD IS NAMED ALLAH. HOUSE OF WORSHIP IS A MOSQUE. HOLY BOOK IS THE KORAN. HOLIDAY IS RAMADAN. HAS THE 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM, WHICH INCLUDE TAKING A HAJJ (PILGRIMIDGE TO MECCA). FOLLOWERS ARE CALLED MUSLIM. 35

36. SUNNI AND SHIA MUSLIM 36

37. SUNNI: ANYONE CAN BE CALIPH (LEADER OF ISLAM) SHIA: ONLY DESCENDANTS OF MUHAMMAD CAN BE CALIPH. SUNNI IS MAJORITY IN THE WORLD. 37

38. ZIONISM 38

39. A CALL FOR ALL JEWS TO REGAIN THEIR HOMELAND IN ISRAEL. 39

40. LITERACY RATE AND STANDARD OF LIVING 40

41. LITERACY RATE: THE AMOUNT OF MEN AND WOMEN WHO CAN READ AND WRITE OVER THE AGE OF 15 STANDARD OF LIVING: HOW WELL THE PEOPLE IN A COUNTRY ARE DOING. 41

42. UNITARY 42

43. UNDER “HOW IS POWER DISTRIBUTED”. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT HAS ALL THE POWER. STATE AND LOCAL HAVE NO POWER. 43

44. FEDERAL 44

45. UNDER CATEGORY OF “HOW IS POWER DISTRIBUTED”. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND STATE AND LOCAL SHARE THE POWER 45

46. CONFEDERATION 46

47. UNDER CATEGORY OF “HOW IS POWER DISTRIBUTED”. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS HAVE ALL THE POWER. WE DO NOT STUDY ANY COUNTRIES THAT ARE CONFEDERATIONS. EXAMPLES ARE OPEC AND THE UN 47

48. AUTOCRACY 48

49. UNDER THE CATEGORY OF “WHO HAS ALL THE POWER?” ONE PERSON IS IN CHARGE AUTO MEANS SELF 49

50. OLIGARCHY 50

51. UNDER THE CATEGORY OF “WHO HAS ALL THE POWER?” A FEW PEOPLE ARE IN CHARGE EXAMPLES ARE COMMUNISM AND THEOCRACY 51

52. DEMOCRACY 52

53. UNDER THE CATEGORY OF “WHO HAS ALL THE POWER” CITIZENS ARE IN CHARGE 2 TYPES: PARLIAMENTARY AND PRESIDENTIAL 53

54. PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY 54

55. PRIME MINISTER IS HEAD OF EXECUTIVE BRANCH LEGISLATIVE BRANCH IS THE PARLIAMENT PARLIAMENT VOTES IN THE PRIME MINISTER CITIZENS VOTE FOR MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT 55

56. PRESIDENTIAL DEMOCRACY 56

57. PRESIDENT IS HEAD OF EXECUTIVE BRANCH CONGRESS IS LEGISLATIVE BRANCH SUPREME COURT IS JUDICIAL BRANCH CITIZENS VOTE FOR PRESIDENT AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 57

58. SAUDI ARABIA 58

59. ABSOLUTE MONARCHY KING SAUD IS IN CHARGE AUTOCRACY UNITARY MIXED ECONOMY: LEANS MORE TOWARD PURE COMMAND 59

60. IRAN 60

61. THEOCRACY/ ISLAMIC REPUBLIC AYATOLLAHS MAKE ALL OF THE DECISIONS OLIGARCHY UNITARY MIXED ECONOMY: LEANS MORE TOWARDS PURE COMMAND 61

62. ISRAEL 62

63. PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY PARLIAMENT IS CALLED THE KNESSET HAS A PRIME MINISTER DEMOCRACY UNITARY BECAUSE OF SIZE OF COUNTRY MIXED ECONOMY: LEANS MORE TOWARDS PURE MARKET 63

64. TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM 64

65. QUESTIONS OF WHAT TO PRODUCE, HOW TO PRODUCE, AND FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE ARE ANSWERED BY THE PAST AND CUSTOMS (TRADITIONS). 65

66. MARKET ECONOMIC SYSTEM 66

67. QUESTIONS OF WHAT TO PRODUCE, HOW TO PRODUCE, AND FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE ARE ANSWERED BY THE PEOPLE ONLY AND THERE IS NO GOVERNMENT INFLUENCE 67

68. MIXED ECONOMIC SYSTEM 68

69. QUESTIONS OF WHAT TO PRODUCE, HOW TO PRODUCE, AND FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE ARE ANSWERED BY THE PEOPLE AND THE GOVERNMENT. ALL COUNTRIES WE HAVE STUDIED ARE MIXED EXCEPT FOR NORTH KOREA. 69

70. COMMAND ECONOMIC SYSTEM 70

71. QUESTIONS OF WHAT TO PRODUCE, HOW TO PRODUCE, AND FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE ARE ANSWERED BY THE GOVERNMENT ONLY. NORTH KOREA IS THE ONLY PURE COMMAND ECONOMY. 71

72. NEED VS. WANT 72

73. NEED: WHAT A PERSON REQUIRES TO SURVIVE. EXAMPLES ARE FOOD, WATER, CLOTHING, AND SHELTER. WANT: WHAT A PERSON WANTS, BUT DOES NOT NEED TO SURVIVE. EXAMPLES ARE DESIGNER CLOTHING AND iPODS. 73

74. SPECIALIZATION 74

75. WHAT A COUNTRY MAKES A LOT OF OR HAS A LOT OF. AND EXAMPLE WOULD BE SAUDI ARABIA AND OIL. 75

76. EMBARGO 76

77. A BAN ON TRADE WITH ANOTHER COUNTRY. AN EXAMPLE WOULD BE THE US AND SOUTH AFRICA DURING APARTHEID 77

78. TRADE BARRIERS 78

79. THINGS THAT MAKE TRADE DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE. EXAMPLES CAN BE EMBARGOS OR NATURAL BARRIERS LIKE MOUNTAINS. 79

80. CURRENCY EXCHANGE 80

81. A SYSTEM FOR MAKING CURRENCY (MONEY) EQUAL WHEREVER YOU ARE GOING SO THAT IT IS FAIR 81

82. GDP GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 82

83. THE AMOUNT THAT GOODS AND SERVICES MAKE A COUNTRY IN A YEAR 83

84. CAPITAL GOODS 84

85. TOOLS THAT HAVE ALREADY BEEN MADE TO HELP PRODUCE SOMETHING. EXAMPLES ARE HAMMERS, DESKS, SAWS, ETC. 85

86. HUMAN CAPITAL 86

87. INVESTING IN ONE’S OWN EDUCATION AND TRAINING TO BE MORE SUCCESSFUL 87

88. ENTREPRENEURSHIP 88

89. SOMEONE WHO SEES AN OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE MONEY BY STARTING A BUSINESS, AND TAKES RISK TO MAKE IT HAPPEN 89

90. SCARCITY 90

91. NOT ENOUGH OF A GOOD OR SERVICE TO MEET EVERYONE’S WANTS 91

92. OPPORTUNITY COST 92

93. THE COST OF GIVING SOMETHING UP FOR SOMETHING ELSE. AN EXAMPLE WOULD BE THE $40 DOLLAR PAIR OF SHOES YOU GAVE UP FOR THE $20 PAIR. 93

94. OPEC 94

95. ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES CONFEDERATION CONTROLS THE PRICES AND DISTRIBUTION OF OIL 95

96. SAHARA AND SAHEL 96

97. SAHARA: DESERT THAT TAKES UP ALL OF NORTH AFRICA SAHEL: SECTION OF LAND BELOW THE SAHARA 97

98. DEFORESTATION AND DESERTIFICATION 98

99. DEFORESTATION: CUTTING DOWN OF TREES AND NOT REPLANTING THEM. DESERTIFICATION: SPREAD OF DESERT LIKE CONDITIONS FROM DEFORESTATION, SOIL EROSION, AND ANIMAL GRAZING. 99

100. BERLIN CONFERENCE 100

101. CONFERENCE SET UP TO PARTITION (BREAK UP) AFRICA AMONGST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FRANCE AND BRITAIN HAD THE MOST 101

102. COLONIZATION/ IMPERIALISM 102

103. TO TAKE OVER A COUNTRY AND MAKE IT YOUR OWN 103

104. EFFECTS OF COLONIZATION 104

105. ETHNIC CONFLICT NEW POLITICAL BOUNDARIES DRAWN WITHOUT CONSIDERATION OF PEOPLE WHO LIVE THERE CIVIL WAR 105

106. ETHNIC GROUP 106

107. PEOPLE WHO SHARE THE SAME CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS. DO NOT ALWAYS HAVE THE SAME RELIGION! EXAMPLES ARE ARABS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, CAUCASIONS, AND LATINOS 107

108. RELIGIOUS GROUPS 108

109. PEOPLE WHO SHARE THE SAME SPIRITUAL BELIEFS. ARE NOT ALWAYS THE SAME ETHNIC GROUP. EXAMPLES ARE MUSLIMS, CHRISTIANS, AND HINDUS 109

110. APARTHEID 110

111. THE SEPARATING OF RACES INTO 4 CATEGORIES: WHITE, BLACK, COLOURED, AND ASIAN. VERY UNFAIR TO BLACKS. THIS HAPPENED IN SOUTH AFRICA. 111

112. F.W. DE KLERK 112

113. WHITE SOUTH AFRICAN PRESIDENT THAT HELPED END APARTHEID. RELEASED NELSON MANDELA FROM PRISON. 113

114. NELSON MANDELA 114

115. LEADER OF THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS. IMPRISONED FOR PROTESTING APARTHEID. HELPED END APARTHEID. FIRST BLACK PRESIDENT OF SOUTH AFRICA IN 1994. 115

116. AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS 116

117. ORGANIZATION PUT TOGETHER TO END COLONIZATION OF AFRICA 117

118. PAN AFRICAN MOVEMENT 118

119. A CALL FOR ALL AFRICANS IN EVERY NATION TO HELP END COLONIZATION OF AFRICA BY THE EUROPEANS 119

120. ASHANTI, BANTU, SWAHILI 120

121. ETHNIC GROUPS OF AFRICA ASHANTI: WEST BANTU: SOUTH SWAHILI: EAST 121

122. MAJOR HEALTH ISSUE IN AFRICA TODAY 122

123. HIV/AIDS 123

124. KENYA 124

125. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC NOT A TRUE D.R. DEMOCRACY LOTS OF CORRUPTION IN GOVERNMENT 125

126. SOUTH AFRICA 126

127. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC TRUE D.R. PRESIDENTIAL DEMOCRACY MIXED ECONOMY: LEANS MORE TOWARDS PURE MARKET 127

128. SUDAN AND SOUTH SUDAN 128

129. SUDAN CLAIMS TO BE A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC REALLY A DICTATORSHIP AUTOCRACY SOUTH SUDAN HAS SEPARATED FROM SUDAN DUE TO GENOCIDE. SOUTH SUDAN IS A DEMOCRACY. 129

130. NIGERIA 130

131. MIXED ECONOMY: LEANS MORE TOWARDS PURE COMMAND MUCH CORRUPTION HAS LOTS OF OIL 131

132. MAIN RESOURCES OF AFRICA 132

133. DIAMONDS, GOLD, URANIUM, AND OIL 133

134. 2 POLLUTED RIVERS IN SOUTH AND SE ASIA 134

135. GANGES(INDIA): HUMAN POLLUTION YANGTZE(CHINA): INDUSTRIAL AND HUMAN WASTE 135

136. NATIONALISM 136

137. LOVE AND DEVOTION TO ONE’S COUNTRY 137

138. COLD WAR 138

139. CONFLICT BETWEEN DEMOCRACY AND COMMUNISM (MAINLY US AND USSR) DOMINO THEORY:IF ONE COUNTRY FALLS TO COMMUNISM, THEY ALL WILL CONTAINMENT: CONTAINING COMMUNISM AND NOT LETTING IT SPREAD 139

140. VIETNAM: WHO COLONIZED? CAUSE OF VIETNAM WAR? 140

141. FRENCH COLONIZED HO CHI MINH WANTED COMMUNISM NORTH VIETNAM: COMMUNIST SOUTH VIETNAM: DEMOCRACY RUSSIA HELPED NORTH, US HELPED SOUTH VIETNAM REMAINS COMMUNIST MIXED ECONOMY 141

142. KOREA AND CAUSES OF KOREAN WAR 142

143. NORTH KOREA: COMMUNIST. WAS HELPED BY USSR SOUTH KOREA: DEMOCRACY. WAS HELPED BY US. NORTH KOREA INVADED SOUTH KOREA. NORTH KOREA WAS PUSHED BACK AT 38 TH PARALLEL (DEMILITARIZED ZONE) NORTH KOREA: PURE COMMAND ECONOMY. MORE OF A DICTATORSHIP THAN COMMUNIST. SOUTH KOREA: DEMOCRACY. MIXED ECONOMY LEANING MORE TOWARDS PURE MARKET. 143

144. MAO ZEDONG 144

145. FIRST COMMUNIST LEADER IN CHINA. DEFEATED THE NATIONALISTS IN 1949. 145

146. CULTURAL REVOLUTION AND GREAT LEAP FORWARD 146

147. CULTURAL REVOLUTION: MAO’S ATTEMPT TO REGAIN SUPPORT IN COMMUNISM. HAD RED GUARDS POLICE THE EDUCATED. FAILED AND MANY WERE KILLED. GREAT LEAP FORWARD: WANTED FARMS AND FACTORIES. HAD COMMUNES FOR PEOPLE TO WORK. FARMERS DIDN’T KNOW HOW TO WORK WITH STEEL. MANY STARVED TO DEATH. 147

148. TIANANMEN SQUARE MASSACRE 148

149. 1989: PROTESTERS WERE KILLED FOR WANTING MORE FREEDOMS. 149

150. MOHANDAS GANDHI 150

151. LEADER OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS USED NON VIOLENCE TO PROTEST BRITISH COLONIZATION 151

152. HINDUISM 152

153. 7,000 YEARS OLD NO SINGLE FOUNDER ONE MAIN GOD (BRAHMAN), AND MILLIONS OF OTHER GODS THAT COME FROM HIM. BELIEVE IN KARMA (ACTIONS AND HOW THEY AFFECT A PERSON’S SOUL) AND REINCARNATION (BEING BORN AGAIN AFTER DEATH). BELIEVES IN CASTE SYSTEM (PEOPLE ARE BORN INTO CASTES THAT DETERMINE PLACE IN LIFE). 153

154. BUDDHISM 154

155. FOUNDED BY SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA (LATER CALLED BUDDHA, WHICH MEANS ENLIGHTENED ONE) DID NOT BELIEVE IN CASTE SYSTEM HAS KARMA AND REINCARNATION EIGHTFOLD PATH– PATH TO ENLIGHTENMENT 4 NOBLE TRUTHS– WHY PEOPLE SUFFER IN THE WORLD 155

156. SHINTOISM 156

157. RELIGION IN JAPAN EVERYTHING IN THE WORLD HAS A SPIRIT, CALLED KAMI 157

158. CONFUCIANISM 158

159. PHILOSOPHY IN CHINA STARTED BY A MAN NAMED CONFUCIUS STATED THAT IF EVERYONE KNEW THEIR PLACE AND DID WHAT THEY NEEDED TO DO, SOCIETY WOULD BE PERFECT. EMPHASIZED RESPECT FOR FAMILY 159

160. CHINA 160

161. COMMUNIST OLIGARCHY UNITARY EVERYTHING RUN BY CPC (COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA) MIXED ECONOMY, BUT LEANS MORE TOWARDS PURE COMMAND 161

162. JAPAN 162

163. CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY PARLIAMENT IS CALLED DIET UNITARY BECAUSE OF SIZE MIXED ECONOMY: LEANS MORE TOWARDS PURE MARKET 163

164. INDIA 164

165. FEDERAL REPUBLIC HAS A PRIME MINISTER AND PRESIDENT DEMOCRACY FEDERAL MIXED ECONOMY: LEANS MORE TOWARDS PURE MARKET 165