1. By: Taylor Currin, Jamie Steckler & Bailey Gibbons Period 4

2.  To remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine  Keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood

3. Function Continued:  Produce erythropoietin  The kidneys remove urea from the blood

4. Function Continued:  Maintains normal concentrations of electrolytes within body fluids  Regulates pH and volume of body fluids

6.  Reddish-brown  Bean-shaped  Concave on medial side, convex on lateral side

7. Kidneys Continued:  Renal Sinus  Renal Pelvis  Major Calyces  Minor Calyces  Renal Papillae

8. Kidneys Continued:  Renal Medulla  Renal Pyramids  Renal Cortex  Nephrons  Renal Columns

9. Function of the Kidneys:  Maintain homeostasis  Regulates composition volume and the pH of extracellular fluid

10. Function of the Kidneys:  Secretes erythropoietin  Plays a role in activating Vitamin D  Maintains blood volume and blood pressure

11. Location of Kidneys:  Lie on either side of the vertebral column  In a depression  Retroperitoneally

12.  Function: tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder  Location: extends downward behind the parietal peritoneum

13. Ureters Continued:  25 cm long  Contains 3 layers:  Mucous coat (inner layer)  Muscular coat (middle layer)  Fibrous coat (outer layer)

14.  Location:  Behind symphysis pubis  Beneath the parietal peritoneum  Function:  Stores urine  Forces it into urethra

15. Urinary Bladder:  Hollow, distensible, muscular organ  Trigon  4 layers:  Mucous coat (inner layer)  Submucous coat (second layer)  Muscular coat (third layer)  Detrusor muscle  Internal urethra sphincter  Serious coat (outer layer)

16.  Function: Conveys urine to outside of body  Location: below the bladder (connected) and leads to outside of body

17. Urethra Continued:  Lined with mucous membrane  Thick layer of smooth muscle tissue  Mucous Glands  Urethral glands

18.  Renal Arteries  Interlobar Arteries  Afferent Arterioles  Renal Vein

19. Pathway of Blood within the Kidney:  1. Renal artery  2. Interlobar Artery  3. Arcuate Artery  4. Cortical Radiate Artery  5. Afferent Arteriole  6. Glomerular Capillaries  7. Efferent Arteriole  8. Peritubular Capillaries  9. Cortical Radiate Vein  10. Arcuate Vein  11. Interlobar Vein  12. Renal Vein

20.  Nephron Structure- What is a Nephron?  Renal Corpuscle  Glomerulus  Glomerular Capsule  Renal Tubule

21. 1. Filtration 2. Reabsorption 3. Secretion  Urine; a collection of substances that has not been reabsorbed during glomerular filtration or tubular reabsorption

22. Video on Filtration:

23.  95% water  Contains urea and uric acid  Amino acids & variety of electrolytes  Reflects on ones dietary intake and physical activity

24.  Urea Source: By-product of amino acid catabolism  Enters the renal tubule by filtration  Uric Acid Source: product of the metabolism of certain organic bases in nucleic acids  Active transport reabsorbs all the uric acid present in glomerular filtrate

25.  Nephrons, Collecting Ducts, Calyces of Kidney, Renal Pelvis, Ureter, Urinary Bladder, Urethra

26.  Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome  Glomerulonephritis  Kidney Stones (Chronic Kidney Disease)

27.  "Kidney." Function, Location & Area. Healthline Networks Inc, 21 Apr. 2005. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. <http://www.healthline.com/human- body-maps/kidney>.  "How Your Kidneys Work." The National Kidney Foundation. 6 Jan. 2015. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. <https://www.kidney.org/kidneydisease/howkidneyswrk&gt>  "Kidney." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Mar. 2015. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney&gt>  “Overview of Urine Transport, Storage, and Elimination System.” Boundless Anatomy and Physiology. Boundless, 02 Jul. 2014. 16 Mar. 2015.