1. Hot Technologies Mississippi Library Commission Director’s Conference Wednesday November 14, 2007 1:30 – 3:00PM Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technologies and Research Vanderbilt University http://staffweb.library.vanderbilt.edu/breeding http://www.librarytechnology.org/

2. Summary This presentation will focus on some of the new products and trends most relevant to libraries. These technologies include both products that increasingly see use by our patrons as well as technologies available to libraries as they aim to meet the needs of tech-savvy users. This presentation will focus on some of the new products and trends most relevant to libraries. These technologies include both products that increasingly see use by our patrons as well as technologies available to libraries as they aim to meet the needs of tech-savvy users.

3. Next Generation Library Catalogs

4. The best Library OPAC?

5. Change underway Widespread dissatisfaction with most of the current OPACs. Many efforts toward next- generation catalogs and interfaces. Widespread dissatisfaction with most of the current OPACs. Many efforts toward next- generation catalogs and interfaces. Movement among libraries to break out of the current mold of library catalogs and offer new interfaces better suited to the expectations of library users. Movement among libraries to break out of the current mold of library catalogs and offer new interfaces better suited to the expectations of library users. Decoupling of the front-end interface from the back-end library automation system. Decoupling of the front-end interface from the back-end library automation system.

6. Working toward next generation library interfaces Redefinition of the library catalog Redefinition of the library catalog More comprehensive information discovery environments More comprehensive information discovery environments Better information delivery tools Better information delivery tools More powerful search capabilities More powerful search capabilities More elegant presentation More elegant presentation

7. Interface expectations Millennial gen library users are well acclimated to the Web and like it. Millennial gen library users are well acclimated to the Web and like it. Used to relevancy ranking Used to relevancy ranking –The “good stuff” should be listed first –Users tend not to delve deep into a result list –Good relevancy requires a sophisticated approach, including objective matching criteria supplemented by popularity and relatedness factors.

8. Interface expectations (cont…) Very rapid response. Users have a low tolerance for slow systems Very rapid response. Users have a low tolerance for slow systems Rich visual information: book jacket images, rating scores, etc. Rich visual information: book jacket images, rating scores, etc. Let users drill down through the result set incrementally narrowing the field Let users drill down through the result set incrementally narrowing the field Ratings and rankings Ratings and rankings

9. Faceted Navigation Faceted Browsing Faceted Browsing Drill-down vs up-front Boolean or “Advanced Search” gives the users clues about the number of hits in each sub topic. Drill-down vs up-front Boolean or “Advanced Search” gives the users clues about the number of hits in each sub topic. Navigational Bread crumbs Navigational Bread crumbs

10. Appropriate organizational structures Library of Congress Subject Headings vs FAST (Faceted approach to Subject Terminology) Library of Congress Subject Headings vs FAST (Faceted approach to Subject Terminology) Full MARC vs Dublin Core or MODS Full MARC vs Dublin Core or MODS Discipline-specific thesauri or ontologies Discipline-specific thesauri or ontologies “tags” “tags”

11. Current Next-Gen catalog products

12. Common characteristics Decoupled interface Mass export of catalog data Alternative search engine Alternative interface Decoupled interface Mass export of catalog data Alternative search engine Alternative interface

13. Endeca Guided Navigation North Carolina State University North Carolina State Universityhttp://www.lib.ncsu.edu/catalog/ McMaster University McMaster Universityhttp://libcat.mcmaster.ca/ Phoenix Public Library Phoenix Public Libraryhttp://www.phoenixpubliclibrary.org/ Florida Center for Library Automation Florida Center for Library Automationhttp://catalog.fcla.edu/ux.jsp

14. AquaBrowser Library Queens Borough Public Library Queens Borough Public Library –http://aqua.queenslibrary.org/ http://aqua.queenslibrary.org/ 80% of Dutch Public libraries 80% of Dutch Public libraries 150 libraries in the U.S. 150 libraries in the U.S.

15. Ex Libris Primo Vanderbilt University Vanderbilt Universityhttp://alphasearch.library.vanderbilt.edu University of Minnesota University of Minnesota http://prime2.oit.umn.edu:1701/primo_library/li bweb/action/search.do?vid=TWINCITIES http://prime2.oit.umn.edu:1701/primo_library/li bweb/action/search.do?vid=TWINCITIES University of Iowa University of Iowa http://smartsearch.uiowa.edu/

16. Encore from Innovative Interfaces Nashville Public Library Nashville Public Library http://nplencore.library.nashville.org/iii/encore/app Scottsdale Public Library Scottsdale Public Library http://encore.scottsdaleaz.gov/iii/encore/app Yale University Lillian Goldman Law Library Yale University Lillian Goldman Law Library http://encore.law.yale.edu/iii/encore/app

17. VUFind – Villanova University Based on Apache Solr search toolkit http://www.vufind.org/

18. Library-developed solutions eXtensible Catalog eXtensible Catalog University of Rochester – River Campus Libraries University of Rochester – River Campus Libraries Financial support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Financial support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation http://www.extensiblecatalog.info/ http://www.extensiblecatalog.info/

19. OCLC Worldcat Local OCLC WorldCat customized for local library catalog OCLC WorldCat customized for local library catalog –Relies on hooks into ILS for local services Washington University Libraries Washington University Libraries http://uwashington.worldcat.org/ University of California Melvyl Catalog University of California Melvyl Catalog

20. Mass Digitization We’re quickly moving toward ubiquitous digital content We’re quickly moving toward ubiquitous digital content E-Journal content already mostly digital E-Journal content already mostly digital Mass digitization of books underway Mass digitization of books underway –Google Library Print project –Open Content Alliance –Many others Copyright issues still an obstacle Copyright issues still an obstacle

21. Library Implications Library discovery environments must accommodate full digital content Library discovery environments must accommodate full digital content No longer enough to base search entirely on metadata No longer enough to base search entirely on metadata –Approaching “Post metadata age” –Increasingly important to search the full digital object High-quality metadata will improve discovery High-quality metadata will improve discovery Large collections of digital content may not lend themselves to manual cataloging or description Large collections of digital content may not lend themselves to manual cataloging or description Commercial search engines and online bookstores already offer “search inside the book”. Embarrassing that libraries can’t. Commercial search engines and online bookstores already offer “search inside the book”. Embarrassing that libraries can’t.

22. Web 2.0 Beyond the Hype

23. Web 1.0 Static Web Static Web Information silos Information silos One-way communication One-way communication

24. Web 2.0 Coined by O’Rielly Media in 2004 Coined by O’Rielly Media in 2004 Web + Social Computing Web + Social Computing Dynamic Content Dynamic Content Highly interactive Highly interactive Collaborative Collaborative Focus on the user Focus on the user Focus on communities Focus on communities

25. Web 2.0 examples RSS delivery of content RSS delivery of content Blogs – Web logs + comments Blogs – Web logs + comments Wikis – content created in community Wikis – content created in community Instant Messaging, SMS, Instant Messaging, SMS, Voice over IP – Skype Voice over IP – Skype Podcasting Podcasting vlogs vlogs

26. Web 2.0 media Rich media – beyond text Rich media – beyond text Music and audio Music and audio –Well experienced: File swapping, p2p, iPod, MP3 Video Video –Recreational and academic: youtube.com, myspace.com/video, yahoo! Video, bittorrent Opportunities to remix. Usually recreational, but explore ways to tap this interest with an academic slant. Opportunities to remix. Usually recreational, but explore ways to tap this interest with an academic slant.

27. The sprit of Web 2.0 YouTube YouTube Facebook Facebook MySpace MySpace Flickr Flickr

28. Web 3.0 Web 2.0 + artificial intelligence Web 2.0 + artificial intelligence Semantic Web Semantic Web Web 2.0 + enterprise computing Web 2.0 + enterprise computing

29. Library 2.0 First mentioned by Michael Casey First mentioned by Michael Casey Web 2.0 + Library = Library 2.0 Web 2.0 + Library = Library 2.0 Apply Web 2.0 concepts to library applications Apply Web 2.0 concepts to library applications

30. Examples Library Blogs Library Blogs New book lists through RSS New book lists through RSS Wikis Wikis –Intranets for staff documentation –Collaborative resources for library users Enriched library catalogs Enriched library catalogs User participation in library resources User participation in library resources –User tagging in catalog –Reviews –Ratings

31. Evolution The Web has been evolving since its very beginning The Web has been evolving since its very beginning Web 2.0 didn’t happen all at once Web 2.0 didn’t happen all at once Many of the concepts behind Web 2.0 trace back to its inception Many of the concepts behind Web 2.0 trace back to its inception Eg: Amazon embraced user participation, open API’s, etc long before Web 2.0 brand. Eg: Amazon embraced user participation, open API’s, etc long before Web 2.0 brand. Evolution and maturation of Web technologies continues Evolution and maturation of Web technologies continues

32. Moving beyond… Web 2.0 is already a 3-year-old model Web 2.0 is already a 3-year-old model Keep focus on strategic use of technology Keep focus on strategic use of technology

33. Wireless Networks Already a commodity Already a commodity An expectation, not an extra An expectation, not an extra –802.11b (11mb/sec)– obsolete –802.11g (54mb/sec) – current –802.11n (100mb/sec) – soon

34. Voice over IP (VoIP) Voice calls over the Internet Voice calls over the Internet Interoperates with existing phone system Interoperates with existing phone system Skype one of many popular services Skype one of many popular services Decreases communication costs / increases collaboration Decreases communication costs / increases collaboration

35. Wireless / Portable devices Convergence Convergence Multi-purpose Multi-purpose Voice/text/data/music/video Voice/text/data/music/video

36. Apple iPhone Immensely popular, trend-setting product Immensely popular, trend-setting product Sets the standard for converged devices Sets the standard for converged devices

37. The Google Phone? Expectged in Nov 2007 Expectged in Nov 2007

38. Podcasting Increased consumption of audio and video content Increased consumption of audio and video content Complements live streaming Complements live streaming RSS syndication + multimedia RSS syndication + multimedia Promotes time-shifting Promotes time-shifting –download now, listen later

39. Video everywhere YouTube has revolutionized video YouTube has revolutionized video Makes sharing video trivial Makes sharing video trivial Low-cost spontaneous video production Low-cost spontaneous video production Challenges traditional broadcast models Challenges traditional broadcast models

40. Mashups New resources created from blending multiple content from multiple services New resources created from blending multiple content from multiple services Many are map and GPS oriented Many are map and GPS oriented Taps creative energies Taps creative energies New generation thrives on creating content, mashing up existing content. New generation thrives on creating content, mashing up existing content.

41. Online Social Networks

42. Flickr Online community for sharing photographs Online community for sharing photographs Appeals to casual to professional photographers Appeals to casual to professional photographers Easy to upload and share photos Easy to upload and share photos

43. Facebook Facebook seeing explosive growth Facebook seeing explosive growth Friends, networks, groups, apps Friends, networks, groups, apps Ivy League > all students > general public Ivy League > all students > general public $15 billion valuation $15 billion valuation Privately owned, recent investment by Microsoft Privately owned, recent investment by Microsoft

44. MySpace Oriented toward popular culture and music Oriented toward popular culture and music Still popular but not seeing the same growth as Facebook Still popular but not seeing the same growth as Facebook Owned by Rupert Murdock Owned by Rupert Murdock

45. Virtual Realities Second Life Second Life Strong appeal to gaming community Strong appeal to gaming community Avitars Avitars Alliance Library System created the Second Life Library Alliance Library System created the Second Life Library

46. Open Source Software Competes with closed source commercially licensed software Competes with closed source commercially licensed software Well established for technical infrastructure Well established for technical infrastructure –Apache Web Server –MySQL database –PHP, Perl, Java and other programming languages –Lucene / Solr search engine Decreased licensing costs vs increased implementation costs Decreased licensing costs vs increased implementation costs

47. RFID Radio Frequency Identification Radio Frequency Identification Replacement for barcodes to identify items in library collections Replacement for barcodes to identify items in library collections Adoption by medium to large public libraries Adoption by medium to large public libraries High costs offset by reduction in workforce High costs offset by reduction in workforce

48. Questions and discussion