1. War of the Roses Tudors vs. Lancasters

3. When: Shortly after the Hundred Years War 1455 –York and Lancaster families started the War of the Roses –York- white rose was their badge –Lancaster- Red Rose

4. House of Lancaster Wins Henry Tudor of Lancaster House wins---------------------  1485 Defeats King Richard III of York King Henry VII (Henry Tudor) marries a daughter of York Sets up a strong monarchy in England again

5. FRANCE

6. France suffers during 100 years war Takes place on French soil Bands of English soldiers rob and destroy French people starve Fight for Power House of Burgundy sides with English Divides France Charles VII From Orleans Gained throne with the help of Joan of Arc

7. RETURN OF STRONG KINGS  Louis XI takes the throne after Charles VII  Seizes lands of house of Burgundy  reduces power of the estates general and the nobles  Under Louis XI France becomes a united country

9. Spain Became a united Nation in 1479 under: Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille 1492 capture Granada- last stronghold of the Moors (or Muslims) Strong Catholics Expelled all Jews and Muslims in 1492 –Lost great leaders in trade and industry

11. Holy Roman Empire Germany and Italy Remain divided into states and regions ruled by Princes and Knights 1356 Emporer Charles IV ruled that only 7 electors could elect emproer –3 archbishops and 4 German princes –Pope removed from election process –Bribery and election favors common –Princes very powerful still

12. A Habsburg is elected Emporer in 1273 The Habsburgs use their position to arrange marriages with powerful families Through marriage the H Family gains control of Austria and nearby lands More well planned marriages gave the H control of much of the empire’s territory Habsburgs become the most powerful family in Europe Habsburg Family

13. Click picture to go to the Habsburg’s page