1. Internet Basics 2K A presentation by Patrick Douglas Crispen NetSquirrel.com

2. For More Information http://netsquirrel.com/ Information about the Squirrel Hunt Information about TOURBUS A copy of this presentation

3. What IS the Internet? “A network of networks based on the TCP/IP protocols, a community of people who use and develop these protocols, and a collection of resources that can be reached from those networks.” -- Krol & Hoffman

4. Frequently Asked Questions What IS the Internet (and what IS the World Wide Web)? How do the Internet and the Web work? What can I do on the Internet? How do Internet addresses work?

5. Our Goals To answer some of the Net’s biggest Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) To show you how the Internet really works To teach you how to read Internet addresses To do all of this in ENGLISH!!

6. Germany Self-sufficient cities The military needs 2 things to survive: –Supplies –Intelligence

7. WW2 Germany Autobahn Secure supply lines What happens to German supply if a city is “lost?” Where is the Autobahn’s Headquarters?

8. I LIKE IKE! EISENHOWER INTERSTATE SYSTEM EISENHOWER INTERSTATE SYSTEM

9. TEXAS’ Interstate System Safe supply lines Unlimited alternate routes Personal use

10. US Military Intelligence Needed a way to hook up all of the mainframes in the USA Needed a system that could withstand a direct nuclear attack (well, not really) Needed a system without a central command

11. TEXAS and the Internet? Cities = LANs or ISPs Interstates = Communications lines States = Regional Networks

12. IP Packets Everything that is sent over the Internet is sent in an IP Packet. IP Packets can contain anything

13. IP Packet Routing TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) –Universal “rules” of the Road IP (Internet Protocol) Addresses –255.255.255.255

14. Domain Name System (DNS) Converts “English” names www.whitehouse.gov into “Machine” (IP) names 198.137.241.30

15. IP Packet Routing Using your browser, you type in a URL http://www.whitehouse.gov/ You “access” or “request” a Web page

16. IP Packet Routing Your ISP “resolves” address –www.whitehouse.gov –198.137.241.30 Your ISP then puts your request into an IP packet (or a bunch of packets)

17. IP Packet Routing The IP address is spray painted on the front windshield of the IP packet Your ISP ships the packet(s) to their router The router ships the packet(s) to the next “city”

18. Questions Routers “Ask” Is this packet broken? Is this packet for me? In which general direction should this packet be sent?

19. At the White House Mr. Bill’s Web Server receives your request It sends you the Web page you requested (including all of the text and multimedia) All of this is broken into a bunch of IP packets

20. IP Packet Routing Mr. Bill’s ISP ships the packet(s) to his router The router ships the packet(s) to the next “city” THE CONNECTION IS DROPPED!

21. IP Packet Routing The packets bounce through cyberspace Finally, the packets get to you, are put back in order, and the Web page appears

22. TEXAS and the Internet? Each and every “intersection” (or “city”) is a router.

24. Pop Quiz Is communication on the Internet (electronic mail, file transfers, etc.) instantaneous? Is the Internet now, or has it EVER been, free?

25. Two More Questions Who owns the Internet? Who runs the Internet? –System of networks (“backbone”)

26. What can I do on the Internet? Communicate Login Download Publish PLAY!

27. The Internet v. The Web What is the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web? The Internet is ALL of the computers and ALL of the information available The World Wide Web is a subset of the Internet that contains hypermedia and is accessible through a Web browser.

28. How can I get on the Internet? Bulletin Board Service (BBS) Commercial Online Service –AOL / CompuServe –MSN Internet Service Provider (ISP) Work/School

29. Modems Converts digital signals to analog signals Modem at the other end turns the analog signal back into a digital signal.

30. Modem Speeds The Internet Baud Speed Transfer Rate 14.4 14,400 bps 1.76 Kb per second 28.8 28,800 bps 3.56 Kb per second 56 K 56,600 bps (*) 6.47 Kb per second T1 1.5 million bps 183 Kb per second T3 45 million bps 5.36 Mb per second

31. Modem Speeds The Internet Baud Speed Transfer Rate 14.4 14,400 bps 1.76 Kb per second Internet2 (I2) Baud Speed Transfer Rate OC-3 155 Mbps 18.54 Mb per second OC-12 622 Mbps 74.16 Mb per second OC-48 2.48 Gbps 295.64 Mb per second

32. :) Internet Addresses Machine addresses (IP or DNS) “Personal” addresses (e-mail) Resource addresses (Web pages, gopher directories, etc.).

33. Hi Machine Addresses IP Addresses –255.255.255.255 DNS Addresses –whitehouse.gov –www.yahoo.com –ua1vm.ua.edu

34. crispen@netsquirrel.com E-Mail Addresses The world of e-mail is bigger than the Internet E-mail goes to a person, not just a machine

35. crispen@netsquirrel.com Parts of an E-mail Address USERID –Name –Number –Combination of both

36. crispen@netsquirrel.com Parts of an E-mail Address The “at” sign –Above the number 2 on your keyboard

37. crispen@netsquirrel.com Parts of an E-mail Address The address of the user’s mail server –IP Address 207.158.244.32 –DNS Address netsquirrel.com

38. Resource Addresses Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) protocol://machine.address/dir/file The /dir/file/ stuff may be optional The protocol, the ://, and the machine address are REQUIRED

39. Resource Addresses Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) protocol://machine.address/dir/file http Web pages ftp File Transfer Protocol gopher Gopher Directories

40. Resource Addresses Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) protocol://machine.address/dir/file http://www.yahoo.com/ ftp://risc.ua.edu/pub/roadmap/ gopher://boombox.micro.umn.edu/

41. Resource Addresses Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) protocol://machine.address/dir/fileREMEMBER E-mail addresses have @ symbols URLs have ://

42. Resource Addresses Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) protocol://machine.address/dir/file The machine address can be either a DNS Address or an IP Address

43. Resource Addresses Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) protocol://machine.address/dir/file http://www.yahoo.com/ ftp://risc.ua.edu/pub/roadmap/ gopher://boombox.micro.umn.edu/

44. Internet Addresses Machine Addresses –DNS or IP address Personal Addresses –userid@machine.address Resource Addresses –protocol://machine.address/dir/file

45. Internet Addresses Machine Addresses –whitehouse.gov –198.137.241.30 Personal Addresses –president@whitehouse.gov Resource Addresses –http://www.whitehouse.gov/

46. Machine Addresses -- Domains EDU Education MIL Military GOV Non-Military Government Sites COM Commercial Organizations crispen@netsquirrel.com http://www.yahoo.com/

47. Machine Addresses - Domains NET Network Sites ORG Other Organizations UK United Kingdom CA Canada AU Australia crispen@netsquirrel.com http://www.yahoo.com/

48. Reading Internet Addresses 73624.3363@compuserve.com pbs.org c523637@mizzou1.bitnet http://housing.msstate.edu/ 141.211.83.37 crispen@foxy.boeing.com

49. Reading Internet Addresses president@whitehouse.gov www.mcgill.ca wolfe@alhrg.wpafb.af.mil gopher://boombox.micro.umn.edu/ crispen@netsquirrel.com ftp://risc.ua.edu/pub/roadmap/

50. Reading Internet Addresses 204.162.80.181 postmaster@204.162.80.181 http://204.162.80.181/ http://cnet.com/ crispen@netsquirrel.com pcrispe1@ua1vm.ua.edu

51. Finding an E-mail address Search engines –WHOIS –Four-11 The best way to find someone’s e-mail address is to call them on the telephone and ask them for it.

52. Crispen’s Five Antivirus Rules Buy a commercial antivirus program Update your definitions weekly Never double-click on a file, especially an email attachment, without first virus checking it Turn on Macro Virus Protection in Word If you don’t know what an email attachment is, delete it.

53. Our Goals To answer some of the Net’s biggest Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) To show you how the Internet really works To teach you how to read Internet addresses To do all of this in ENGLISH!!

54. What IS the Internet? “A network of networks based on the TCP/IP protocols, a community of people who use and develop these protocols, and a collection of resources that can be reached from those networks.” -- Krol & Hoffman