1. Revolutionary / Age of Reason By: Chelsey Bithell Oscar Lee Augie Garcia Sami Lai Adrienne Del Rosario Jay Yi

2. Values And Beliefs The belief of Deism – God does not have a direct hand in events on Earth. – AKA: rationalists – People can understand the world and guide their lives by their capacity to reason. – Presbyterians, Baptists, and Methodists churches were primarily American – Anglican and Congregational churches were primarily British. (no longer a major part of American lives)

3. Values and Beliefs (continued) Government: – Congress was not allowed to force the states to work together. – The Articles of Confederation: was weak because the government had no power. Except it offered state-hood to the territories applying to become a state. So they threw it out. – The new constitution made a federal system of dual sovereignty between states and national government.

4. Values and Beliefs (continued) Pre-college Education – Mostly 4-6 years of attendance at an English – The English Schools didn’t provide preparation for higher education. (It wasn’t a serious part of life.) – School attendance usually didn’t go beyond age twelve. College Education – Colleges were rare. – By 1800, 19 colleges were fully operational and also provided baccalaureate degrees.

5. Genre & Style Essays and pamphlets and speeches. (political writings) Rationalism; a movement that marked the beginning of the Age of Reason in Europe in the 17 th Century, is based on the belief that human beings can discover the truth by using reason rather than relying solely on religious faith or intuition. Logical Appeals; use of facts, statistics, and examples to influence an audience.

6. Genre and style (continued) Persuasion; a form of speaking or writing meant to convince an audience to take a specific action. Rhetorical devices used; figurative language, imagery, anecdotes, alliteration, parallelism, symbols (personal and public), and analogies. Aphorism; a short witty saying that offers a significant truth about life. Benjamin Franklin used these in his Poor Richard’s Almanack.

7. Significant Authors and Works Patrick Henry; – Speech against stamp act – “give me liberty or give me death” speech Thomas Paine; – His pamphlet “common sense” – “The Rights of Man” – “The Age of Reason” Thomas Jefferson; – The Declaration of Independence Abigail Adams; – Wrote to her husband about considering the rights of women in the Declaration of Independence.

8. Highlighted passage: Refer to page 159 We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed…

9. Continue…pg. 160 He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice. He has withheld from her rights which are given to the most ignorant and degraded men – both natives and foreigners. Having deprived her of this first right of a citizen, the elective franchise, thereby leaving her without representation in the halls of legislation, he has oppressed her on all sides. He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead. He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns. He has made her, morally, an irresponsible being, as she can commit many crimes with impunity, provided they be done in the presence of her husband. In the covenant of marriage, she is compelled to promise obedience to her husband, he becoming, to all intents and purposes, her master- the law giving him power to deprive her of her liberty, and to administer chastisement.

10. Independent Practice Find examples of ethos, pathos, and logos incorporated through “The Crisis”. Explain how they achieve Paine’s purpose and how they represent the time period.

11. Pathos Page 133 “… I cannot see on what grounds the king of Britain can look up to heaven for help against us: A common murderer, a highwayman, or a housebreaker, has as good a pretense as he….”

12. Ethos, Pathos, and Logos Britain, with an army to enforce her tyranny, has declared that she has a right (not only to TAX) but “ to BIND us in ALL CASES WHATSOEVER,” and if being bound in that manner, is not slavery, then is there not such a thing as slavery upon earth.

13. Ethos The footnotes represent Paine’s credibility (historical and religious).