1. Engineering and Embedded Systems
Dr. Ahmad Aljaafreh

2. Agenda Engineering Engineering Problem Examples Embedded Systems
Embedded System Examples
Microcontroller
Microcontroller Examples

3. Engineering
What is Engineering?

4. What is Engineering?
Engineering is the discipline, art, skill, profession, and technology of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes. (

5. What is Engineering?
Engineering is the practical application of science and math to solve problems, and it is everywhere in the world around you.
Engineers are problem-solvers who want to make things work more efficiently and quickly and less expensively. (

6. Problem Example
Wireless sensor networks for monitoring

7. Wireless Sensor Network

8. Sensor Node Architecture

9. Problem Example

10. Driver Monitoring System

11. In-vehicle Embedded System

12. What is an Embedded System?
1- Computing systems embedded within electronic devices, Nearly any computing system other than a desktop computer.
2- A computer that is a component in a larger system, and is not visible as a computer to a user of that system.
3- A programmable component of subsystem providing some intelligence functions to the system of which it is a part.

13. Embedded Systems
Billions of units produced yearly vs millions of desktop units
Perhaps 50 per household and per automobile

14. Embedded Systems
Automotive systems
Airplanes
Toys
Medical Devices

15. Example Embedded Systems

16. Example : Guided Vehicle

17. Example Embedded Systems17

18. Examples of Embedded Systems

19. Example : Car Door Control, within a Larger Network

22. The Embedded System – Generic Block Diagram
An embedded system is a system whose principal function is not computational, but which is controlled by a computer embedded within it.

23. Embedded Systems

24. The Embedded System - What Disciplines does it Involve?
Digital
Integrated Circuit
Electronics
Design
Analogue
Electronics
Computer Architecture
Embedded Systems
Sensors and
Software Engineering
Measurements
Data
Electric Motors &
Communications
Actuators
Control
Engineering

25. We have seen this.

26. What is a Microcontroller?
Microcontroller contains a microprocessor with additional peripheral devices integrated into a single package
Peripheral devices may include:
Serial ports (COM), Parallel (Ports), Ethernet ports, A/D & D/A
Interval timers, watchdog timers, event counter/timers, real time clock
Other local processors (DSP, numeric coprocessor, peripheral controller)

27. Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller

28. Microcontroller

29. A Gathering of Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
Motorola
68HC05B16
PIC 16F877
PIC 16C72
PIC 16F84A
Motorola 68000
PIC 12F508

30. Microcontroller Example

31. Microcontrollers Leading the Way in Innovations

32. Microcontroller Market Share

33. Microchip
Microchip Technology manufactures the popular PIC microcontrollers (MCUs), with more than 700 different products covering a broad range of
8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit MCUs and digital signal controllers (DSCs).
These cover the general-purpose MCU market, along with various specialty MCU peripherals to address such applications as motor control, touch sensing, graphics, USB and Ethernet switch-mode power supplies.
All the microcontrollers are supported by Microchip’s MPLAB integrated development environment.

34. Some Examples of the Microchip Mid-Range Family
Device number
No. of pins*
Clock speed
Memory
(K = Kbytes, i.e bytes)
Peripherals/special features
16F84A 18
DC to 20MHz
1K program memory,
68 bytes RAM,
64 bytes EEPROM
1 8-bit timer,
1 5-bit parallel port,
1 8-bit parallel port,
ICSP.
16LF84A
as above
As above, with extended supply voltage range
16F84A-04
DC to 4MHz
As above
16F87
4K program memory,
368 bytes RAM,
256 bytes EEPROM.
2 parallel ports,
3 counter/timers,
2 capture/compare/PWM modules,
2 serial communication modules,
2 analog comparators,
nanoWatt technology,
software-selectable oscillator block,
16F88
as above, and
7 10-bit ADC channels

35. Arduino Board

36. Input/ Output devices

37. 1. Sensors 2. Actuators 3. Communications

38. Sensors

39.  HALL-EFFECT SENSOR

40. HALL-EFFECT SENSOR
A Hall effect sensor is a transducer that varies its output voltage in response to a magnetic field. Hall effect sensors are used for proximity switching, positioning, speed detection, and current sensing applications.

41. LINE TRACKING SENSOR

42. LINE TRACKING SENSOR
This sensor is for line tracking purpose.  It detects white and black color, and it outputs via TTL signal. (Black for LOW output, White for HIGH output)

43. Gas Sensors

44. Gas Sensors AIR QUALITY SENSOR METHANE SENSOR ALCOHOL Sensor OZONE SENSOR HYDROGEN sensor CO sensor (LPG) GAS SENSOR smoke sensor

45. FLAME SENSOR

46. FLAME SENSOR
The flame sensor can be used to detect fire or other wavelength at 760 nm ~ 1100 nm light. In the fire-fighting robot game, the flame plays an important role in the probe, which can be used as the robot's eyes to find fire source or football. It can make use of fire-fighting robots, soccer robots.

47. INFRARED EMITTERS AND DETECTORS

48. INFRARED PROXIMITY SENSOR

49. ELECTRODE - SELF-ADHESIVE

50. WEIGHT SENSOR (LOAD CELL)

51. temperature sensor

52. SOUND SENSOR

53. LIGHT SENSOR

54. PHOTO REFLECTIVE SENSOR

55. VIBRATION SENSOR

56. DIGITAL INFRARED MOTION SENSOR (PIR)

57. ULTRA SONIC RANGE MODULE

58. DIGITAL TILT SENSOR

59. WATER SENSOR

60.  WATER FLOW SENSOR

61. TORQUE SENSORS

62. Force Sensor

63. Pressure Sensor

64. Humidity Sensor

65. List of Sensors please see the attachment file.

66. Actuators

67. Switches

68. Switches

69. Relays

70. Keypads

71. Displays

72. Bumps

73. Motors

74. Stepper Motors

75. Steppers Motors

76. Stepper Motors

77. Stepper Motors

78. Servo Motors

79. Servo Motors

80. Servo Motors

81. Servo Motors

82. Servo Motors

83. Communications

84. Infrared

85. Radio Waves

86. Wifi

87. Bluetooth

88. Zigbee
ZigBee

89. RFID
Radio-frequency identification

90. GPRS 
General Packet Radio Service

91. GSM
GSM

92. EDGE
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution

93. HSPA+\WCDMA
Evolved HSPA

94. Thank You!