1. Week 13 Benchmark Review

2. ____1607_______ was the year Jamestown, Virginia was established as the first permanent English settlement.

3. ______1620_________ was the year Plymouth, Massachusetts was settled

4. ___1776__________was the year the Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson. It stated the grievances against the king and reasons for war.

5. ___Mayflower Compact____ This document was signed in 1620 establishing representative government in the Plymouth colony. Helped establish representative government that leads to our present Constitution.

6. __House of Burgesses___- Important to the development of democracy in the 13 colonies because it was the first representative assembly in the colonies.

7. _____New England___- In which colonial region did good harbors, abundant forests, rocky soil, and a short growing season most influence the economy?

8. _____ New England___- In which colonial region were houses clustered around a village “common” and each family worked strips of land in communal fields

9. ____slave____- Large plantations in the Southern colonies depended on what type of labor

10. __religious_____- What type of freedom were colonists who settled in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maryland, and Pennsylvania seeking?

11. ___Magna Carta___ This document was signed by the King in 1215 establishing the right to trial by jury and limiting his power

12. ___English Bill of Rights__- Passed in 1689 in England, this document guaranteed English citizens certain rights and was used as a model for the U.S. Bill of Rights

13. __Atlantic Ocean_-Colonial Boston, Philadelphia, and New York were good places for settlement because they were located near the

14. ____Revolutionary___ The writing of the Declaration of Independence was an event that happened in what era?

15. life, liberty, & pursuit of happiness- these are unalienable rights (cannot be taken away without due process). List three mentioned in the Declaration of Independence

16. ___grievances___- included in the Declaration of Independence to identify reasons the colonies were upset and separating from England

17. _French and Indian War__- A war fought in the colonies between France and England that was very costly to Britain and led to “taxation without representation.”

18. ___taxing____- After the French and Indian War, Britain placed the colonies under strict control and began ______ them to help pay for the war. This will lead to the American Revolution.

19. Mercantilism__ Economic theory was based on the expectation that the colonies were to supply England with raw materials so they could manufacture goods to sell to the colonies. (money = power)

20. _George Washington__ was the commander in chief of the Continental Army.

21. ____King George III___ King of England during the Revolutionary War.

22. __Proclamation of 1763_ Act designed to protect the colonists and prevent further Native American uprisings. The colonists saw this act as tyranny!

23. _Proclamation of 1763_-The above prevented the colonists from moving west of what mountain range?

24. Quartering Act - Practice the British used to supply housing for their soldiers in the colonies. Colonists saw this as a violation of their rights.

25. _____Stamp______- Act which required that every newspaper, pamphlet and other legal documents be printed on legal paper with an official stamp or seal, on it.

26. __Great Britain__What country passed laws like the Stamp Act, Navigation Acts, Townshend Acts, and Tea Act that restricted the colonists?

27. __Enraged the patriots!_ What effect did the engraving of the Boston Massacre have on colonial public opinion? (propaganda)

28. __colonists or people____ “No taxation without representation” expresses a belief in the consent of who?

29. __Common Sense__ Pamphlet was written by Thomas Paine to encourage independence.

30. ___boycott___- refusing to buy goods. These were an effective way of protesting British policies because they caused and economic $ hardship for British merchants

31. __civil disobedience_- refusal to obey laws citizens believe to be unjust. An example is boycott and Boston Tea Party

32. ____Boston Tea Party___- Sam Adams led the Sons of Liberty to throw the tea into the Boston Harbor as an act of civil disobedience to the king. The refused to pay the tax on tea. What was this event called?

33. ___Intolerable Acts____- Closed the Boston Harbor until the people of Boston paid for the lost tea. They also restricted the freedom of the citizens of Massachusetts

34. ___3,000 miles away__ was a major disadvantage of the British during the Revolution.

35. _Lexington and Concord___ is considered “the shot heard round the world.” Start of the Revolutionary War.

36. ___Saratoga____is considered the turning point of the Revolutionary War. France and Spain decided to aid the Americans

37. ______Yorktown____the last battle of the Revolutionary War. General Cornwallis surrendered

38. ____Valley Forge___Winter camp in 1777 -1778 of General Washington and the American army where troops did not have proper supplies

39. __Mississippi River____ the western boundary of the US after the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783.

40. __Haym Solomon____- Jewish merchant who made loans to help finance the new government during the Revolutionary War

41. __James Armistead____- An African American slave who spied on British troop movements and reported to Americans during the Revolutionary War.

42. ____Wentworth Cheswell__- African American teacher and land owner. Like Paul Revere, he made the midnight ride going north while Revere rode west

43. __Bernardo Galvez__- Led Spanish armies against the British in the American Revolution

44. _____Crispus Attucks__- African American who was the 1 st person killed at the Boston Massacre

45. ___Patrick Henry____- Said “…give me liberty, or give me death!” and “If this be treason, then make the most of it.” He was an Anti-federalist who opposed ratification of the Constitution because it didn’t contain a Bill of Rights

46. Marquis de Lafayette_- He came from France to aide Washington in the Revolutionary War. He helped with supplies and money

47. ___Mercy Otis Warren___- Poet. She inspired colonists against British policies. She was known as the “First Lady of the American Revolution.”

48. __Abigail Adams___- One of the first women’s rights activists. Wife of John Adams, she always wrote in her letters, “John, remember the ladies.”

49. ___farms_____- During the American Revolution, the most common way American women helped the Patriot cause was by managing the family _____.