1. Seite 0 11,80 7,40 5,40 0 FRMS - Experience within FTLs Implementing and maintaining a performance driven FRMS FRMS Forum MontrealCpt. Kristjof Tritschler Manager FRMS 01. September 2011MSc Air Safety Management

2. Seite 1 11,80 7,40 5,40 1 FRMS – Experience within FTLs 5Fatigue Performance3 Fatigue Safety Action Group FSAG2Fatigue Management Framework1Chronology4 Multilayered Defenses6Conclusions0Germanwings

3. Seite 2 11,80 7,40 5,40 2 Germanwings Based in Germany, operation under European law (EU OPS SubpartQ) Low Cost Carrier (LCC principle: maximum aircraft & crew utilization) Schedule is compressed, short turn around times of 25min Mainly short haul, minimum flight duration 40min, maximum 4:00h Flight operations is around the clock 24/7 Aircraft and crew return to home base after each duty Unionized from the start (Labor Agreements) Germanwings offers a bidding system to its crews Its the first German Airline managing fatigue trough an FRMS.

4. Seite 3 11,80 7,40 5,40 3 FRMS – Experience within FTLs 5Fatigue Performance3 Fatigue Safety Action Group FSAG2Fatigue Management Framework1Chronology4 Multilayered Defenses6Conclusions0Germanwings

5. Seite 4 11,80 7,40 5,40 4 Chronology: From tired flight crews to a performance driven FRMS Oct 2002Start of Flight Operations Germanwings Oct 2005 CRM recurrent training topic: Fatigue & Vigilance Aug 2006 First fatigue survey Dec 2006Report databank analysis identified fatigue as a problem Jan 2007 Proposal: Alertness Management Program Mar 2007 Decision by senior management to implement FRMS, Policy signed May 2007 Initial meeting FSAG Jan 2008 Official application of scientific (additional) roster rules Sep 2008 Scientific study of Workload & Fatigue by DLR Dec 2008 Fatigue software introduced for performance monitoring Feb 2009 First Fatigue Management Training for crew schedulers May 2010 New senior management, new FRMS policy signed Mar 2011Fatigue model-based optimizing of rosters Aug 2011First predictive performance indicators.

6. Seite 5 11,80 7,40 5,40 5 FRMS – Experience within FTLs 5Fatigue Performance3 Fatigue Safety Action Group FSAG2Fatigue Management Framework1Chronology4 Multilayered Defenses6Conclusions0Germanwings

7. Seite 6 11,80 7,40 5,40 6 Roster Design Lifestyle &Sleep Workload Fatigue Management Framework Some say, fatigue is all about sleep Others say, its the roster that makes people tired Is FRMS the solution to cope with increasing demands? Increasing cost pressure requires less people to take more work

8. Seite 7 11,80 7,40 5,40 7 Roster Design Lifestyle &Sleep Workload Management Duties Fatigue Management Framework Companys Responsibility Individual Responsibility

9. Seite 8 11,80 7,40 5,40 8 Roster Design Lifestyle &Sleep Workload Management Duties Fatigue Management Framework We need both sides!

10. Seite 9 11,80 7,40 5,40 9 FRMS – Experience within FTLs 5Fatigue Performance3 Fatigue Safety Action Group FSAG2Fatigue Management Framework1Chronology4 Multilayered Defenses6Conclusions0Germanwings

11. Seite 10 11,80 7,40 5,40 10 The Fatigue Safety Action Group (FSAG) FSAG Flight Safety Network Development Flight Ops Fleet RosteringOCCUnion Independence, methodologies, science, risk ass. Airline-schedule destinations airport slots Resources: pilots/crew Assign schedule to crews Adjust schedule (and duties) to real demand The crew on duty: actually perform the flights

12. Seite 11 11,80 7,40 5,40 11 Fatigue Safety Action Group (FSAG) FSAG Principles: All recommendations must be - relevant for specific operations based on scientific data consistent with companys business objectives The FSAG provides recommendations only- Decissions are up to the Safety Review Board, according risk assessment and effectiveness of recommendations. All participants of the FSAG are non decision makers (!)

13. Seite 12 11,80 7,40 5,40 12 FRMS – Experience within FTLs 5Fatigue Performance3 Fatigue Safety Action Group FSAG2Fatigue Management Framework1Chronology4 Multilayered Defenses6Conclusions0Germanwings

14. Seite 13 11,80 7,40 5,40 13 Multilayered Defenses to Control Fatigue Risk (SIRA) Fatigue / 24h Ops FTLFTL Fatigue RulesFatigue Rules Fatigue ModelFatigue Model Terminate DutyTerminate Duty Bad Decission / Accident Frequency exposure Tired Crew on Duty PreventRecover Undesired State Conse- quence Unfit to Fly Unfit to Fly On Job StrategyOn Job Strategy Prev StrategyPrev Strategy Fatigue Investigation Fatigue Reporting Fatigue Performance Labor AgreementLabor Agreement

15. Seite 14 11,80 7,40 5,40 14 Multilayered Defenses to Control Fatigue Risk (SIRA) Fatigue RulesFatigue Rules Fatigue ModelFatigue Model PreventRecover On Job StrategyOn Job Strategy Prev StrategyPrev Strategy Fatigue Investigation Fatigue Reporting Fatigue Performance Fatigue / 24h Ops FTLFTL Terminate DutyTerminate Duty Bad Decission / Accident Frequency Tired Crew on Duty Undesired State Conse- quence Unfit to Fly Unfit to Fly Labor AgreementLabor Agreement Measurable Improvement Less high sev. reports Less incidents with fatigue SIRA: 10 -9

16. Seite 15 11,80 7,40 5,40 15 FRMS – Experience within FTLs 5Fatigue Performance3 Fatigue Safety Action Group FSAG2Fatigue Management Framework1Chronology4 Multilayered Defenses6Conclusions0Germanwings

17. Seite 16 11,80 7,40 5,40 16 If we want to manage it – we need to measure it: SPIs Several Safety Performance Indicators (SPIs) are defined One is explained here – It is based on software results according scientific alghorithms It is an example – no competition !!!

18. Seite 17 11,80 7,40 5,40 17 FRMS – Experience within FTLs 5Fatigue Performance3 Fatigue Safety Action Group FSAG2Fatigue Management Framework1Chronology4 Multilayered Defenses6Conclusions0Germanwings

19. Seite 18 11,80 7,40 5,40 18 Conclusions after 5 years of managing fatigue through FRMS Managing fatigue is a shared responsibility – dont forget the other side The FSAG is a benefit itself Principles for FSAG are indispensable (specific, scientific, economic) Fatigue Software beneficial for performance monitoring & assessment The main conclusion concerning rostering in fatigue management: It is not the single duty which causes high levels of fatigue! It is the sequence of duties and how humans can adopt to it! This results in manageable rosters without loss in productivity.

20. Seite 19 11,80 7,40 5,40 19 Last Slide: Implementation of a FRMS is beneficial even within FTLs and labor agreements We can demonstrate a reduction of fatigue risk with high(er) crew productivity at the same time Today we consider a performance driven FRMS the best way to manage fatigue.

21. Thank you for your attention!

22. Seite 21 11,80 7,40 5,40 21 Why introducing FRMS within existing FTLs? Operational experience showed fatigue evidence Fatigue risk mitigation was obviously inefficient through compliance to prescriptive FTLs and labor agreements Maximum crew productivity not fully achieved before No off the shelf solution available to manage fatigue risk EU-OPS Q: transfers responsibility to manage fatigue to the operator and individual crew members ICAO Annex 6: SMS requires operators to keep all hazards at or below an acceptable level of risk.