1. Chapter 10 Vocabulary

2. A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia. Crusades

3. The region where Jesus had lived, preached, and died. Holy Land

4. Called “Lion Heart” for his courage. Was a skilled solider and a great general. Richard I

5. Often called one of the greatest generals of the Middle Ages. Crusaders respected his sometimes kind treatment of fallen enemies. Saladin

6. Church officials.Clergy

7. A group of people who dedicate their lives to religion and follow common rules. Religious order

8. Born in Assisi, Italy he gave away all of his money and possessions. He lived a simple life, preaching and tending to people who were poor or ill. Saint Francis of Assisi

9. People who belonged to religious orders but lived and worked among the general public. Friars

10. He argued that rational thought could be used to support Christian beliefs. Thomas Aquinas

11. A law that governed how the world operated. Natural Law

12. This document listed rights that the king could not ignore. Magna Carta

13. Started as a council of nobles to advise the king over time developed into the law-making body that governs England today. Parliament

14. A long conflict between England and France Hundred Years’ War.

15. A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351 Black Death

16. Religious ideas that oppose accepted church teachings Heresy

17. Efforts to retake Spain from the Moors. Reconquista

18. She made great contributions to Spanish society. She encouraged religion and education. She also paid for the voyages of Christopher Columbus Queen Isabella

19. An organization of priests that looked for and punished non-Christians in Spain. Spanish Inquisition