1. Pre AP Biology
Plant Kingdom (8.6)
Part 1

2. Plant Evolution

3. Waxy Cuticle on the leaves

4. Vascular Tissue to transport fluids

5. Seed to survive dry times

6. Flowers

7. Flowers and animals

8. Fruits

9. Plant Basic structure

10. Apical Meristems for growth

11. Stomata of leaves

12. Xylem Carries water and nutrients up to the leaves.

13. Phloem Carries sugar water down the plant from the leaves.

14. Bryophytes

15. Hepatophyta

16. Anthocerophyta

17. Bryophyta (Shows both generations)

18. Sperm from the male swimming to the female structure

19. Microphyll “leaves”

20. Sporophyte of moss

21. Peat Moss Bog in upper Canada

22. Pre AP Biology
Plant Kingdom (8.6)
Part 2

23. Vascular plants

24. Sporophyte Generation in Brown Gametophyte Generation in grey

25. New type of cell wall with Lignin and pectin re-enforcements

26. Real Roots

27. Real Leaves with Vascular Tissue

28. Pteridophytes

29. Lycophytes

30. Lycophyte Forests

31. Epiphyte growing on a tree limb

32. Pterophyta - Psilophyteas

33. Pterophyta - Sphenophytes

34. Pterophyta - Ferns

35. Fronds

36. Fiddlehead (Developing Frond)

37. Frond with Sori

38. Pre AP Biology
Plant Kingdom (8.6)
Part 3

39. Pangaea about 250 million years ago – very dry time on land

40. Greatly reduced gametophyte generation

41. Gymnosperm leaves (“needles”)

42. Pine Bark

43. Male Pine cones with Pollen grains

44. Pollen Grains

45. Female Pine cones

46. Pine seed being dispersed

47. Conifers

48. Cycadophyta

49. Gnetophyta - Welwitschia

50. Gnetophyta - Ephedra

51. Coniferophyta

52. Female Pine cones

53. Male Pine cones with Pollen grains

54. Pine needles “leaves”

55. Pre AP Biology
Plant Kingdom (8.6)
Part 4

56. Pangaea separating – water returns in large quantities

57. Xylem – Vessel elements (More water uptake)

58. Larger leaves (More photosynthesis)

59. Flowers

60. Fruit

61. Types of fruits

62. Burr fruit with chestnut inside

63. Pollination & Double Fertilization

64. Magnoliids

65. Monocots & Eudicots

66. Traits to know!