1. Chapter 1 Early People and the study of Humans

2. I. Prehistoric Peoples Anthropology  the science that deals with the origins, physical and cultural development, biological characteristics, and social customs and beliefs of humankind.  hominids  include humans as well as earlier humanlike creatures. Anthropology  the science that deals with the origins, physical and cultural development, biological characteristics, and social customs and beliefs of humankind.  hominids  include humans as well as earlier humanlike creatures.

3. I. Prehistoric People Archaeology  the scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, inscriptions, monuments, and other such remains, esp. those that have been excavated.  objects made and used by hominids (artifacts) Archaeology  the scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, inscriptions, monuments, and other such remains, esp. those that have been excavated.  objects made and used by hominids (artifacts)

4. I. Prehistoric Peoples What is learned from studying artifacts?  Culture – set of beliefs, knowledge, and patterns of living that a group of people develops  Educated guesses and use knowledge to draw conclusions What is learned from studying artifacts?  Culture – set of beliefs, knowledge, and patterns of living that a group of people develops  Educated guesses and use knowledge to draw conclusions

5. I. Prehistoric Peoples Evidence of human like creatures appeared millions of years ago. 1974 – Donald Johanson  In Ethiopia  hominid skeleton Found female hominid skeleton  dating 3 million yrs ago  named her “Lucy” In Tanzania  Mary Leaky  found skeleton dating 3.7million yrs  Skeleton belonged to a group called the Australopithecus or “southern ape”  walked upright like humans Evidence of human like creatures appeared millions of years ago. 1974 – Donald Johanson  In Ethiopia  hominid skeleton Found female hominid skeleton  dating 3 million yrs ago  named her “Lucy” In Tanzania  Mary Leaky  found skeleton dating 3.7million yrs  Skeleton belonged to a group called the Australopithecus or “southern ape”  walked upright like humans

8. Characteristics of a Civilization

9. Where Were The First Civilizations Located? 1. Nile Valley – Egypt 1. Nile Valley – Egypt 2. Tigris Euphrates – South West 2. Tigris Euphrates – South WestAsia 3. Indus Valley – Southern Asia 3. Indus Valley – Southern Asia 4. Huang He [HWANG HOOH] 4. Huang He [HWANG HOOH] Valley– (yellow river valley) in Northern China 1. Nile Valley – Egypt 1. Nile Valley – Egypt 2. Tigris Euphrates – South West 2. Tigris Euphrates – South WestAsia 3. Indus Valley – Southern Asia 3. Indus Valley – Southern Asia 4. Huang He [HWANG HOOH] 4. Huang He [HWANG HOOH] Valley– (yellow river valley) in Northern China

10. Where Were The First Civilizations Located?

11. Where were the First Civilizations Located?

12. Where were the First Civilizations Locate?

13. Where were the First Civilizations Located?

14. Five Requirements of Civilizations Surplus Food Surplus Food The ability to sustain a The ability to sustain acivilization Everyone can eat Everyone can eat Government Government Some form to control Some form to control the people No Govt = Chaos No Govt = Chaos Theocracy, Democracy, Theocracy, Democracy, Republic Surplus Food Surplus Food The ability to sustain a The ability to sustain acivilization Everyone can eat Everyone can eat Government Government Some form to control Some form to control the people No Govt = Chaos No Govt = Chaos Theocracy, Democracy, Theocracy, Democracy, Republic

15. Five Requirements of Civilizations Division of Labor Specialize in jobs Cultural Diffusion Calendar To predict the yearly floods of the river valleys Silt - Fertile Soil Division of Labor Specialize in jobs Cultural Diffusion Calendar To predict the yearly floods of the river valleys Silt - Fertile Soil

16. Five Requirements of Civilizations Writing Scribes (trained) Hired by government Used in trade preserving history pass on information Evolution: Pictograms Ideograms Phonograms Alphabet Writing Scribes (trained) Hired by government Used in trade preserving history pass on information Evolution: Pictograms Ideograms Phonograms Alphabet

17. Chapter 1 - TAKE-HOME ESSAY QUESTION List and briefly explain the five characteristics of a civilization. As you write, analyze the list to determine which of these characteristics you find to be the most critical attribute of a civilization. That is, decide which characteristic is the most basic and important one. Be certain to give reasons for your choice.

18. The Pharos (Lighthouse) of Alexandria

19. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

20. Colossus of Rhodes

21. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

22. Statue of Zeus

23. Hanging Gardens of Babylon

24. Pyramids of Egypt

25. 7 Wonders of the Modern World The Great Wall of China

26. 7 Wonders of the Modern World Petra

27. 7 Wonders of the Modern World Chichen Itza

28. 7 Wonders of the Modern World Statue of Christ Redeemer

29. 7 Wonders of the Modern World Colosseum

30. 7 Wonders of the Modern World Machu Picchu

31. 7 Wonders of the Modern World Taj Mahal