1. Aerobic ‘ With Oxygen’. If exercise is not too fast and is steady, the heart can supply all the oxygen muscles need.

2. Aesthetic Appreciation To be able to see the beauty in a performance.

3. Agility The ability to change the position of the body quickly and to control the movement of the whole body.

4. Anabolic steroids Drugs that mimic the male sex hormone testosterone and promote bone and muscle growth.

5. Anaerobic ‘without oxygen’. If exercise is done in short, fast bursts, the heart cannot supply blood and oxygen to muscles as the cells use them.

6. Anorexic Pertaining to anorexic; a prolonged eating disorder due to loss of appetite.

7. Balance The ability to retain the body's centre of mass (gravity) above the base of support with reference to static (stationary), or dynamic (changing), conditions of movement, shape and orientation.

8. Balanced diet A diet which contains an optimal ratio of nutrients.

9. Beta blockers Drugs that are used to control heart rate and have a calming and relaxing effect.

10. Blood pressure Blood pressure is the force exerted by the heart as it pumps blood out of the heart and into the arteries (systolic high pressure) and it is low when it relaxes between beats (diastolic).

11. Body composition The percentage of body weight which is fat, muscle and bone.

12. Cardiac output The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute.

13. Cardiovascular fitness The ability to exercise the entire body for long periods of time.

14. Cholesterol Cholesterol is a blood fat which the body needs in moderate amounts.

15. Circuit training A set of 6 to 10 exercises performed at stations in an organised pattern. Each exercise is performed for a specified number of repetitions or for a prescribed time before moving on to the next exercise.

16. Competence The relationship between: skill, the selection and application of skills, tactics, strategies and compositional ideas; and the readiness of the body and mind to cope with the activity. It requires an understanding of how these combine to produce effective performances in different activities and contexts.

17. Cooper’s run test A test of cardiovascular fitness.

18. Coordination The ability to use two or more body parts together.

19. Cross training Using more than one training method.

20. Diuretics Drugs that elevate the rate of bodily urine excretion.

21. Ectomorph A somatotype, individuals with narrow shoulder and narrow hips, characterised by thinness.

22. Endomorph A somatotype, individuals with wide hips and narrow shoulders, characterised by fatness.

23. Erythropoietin (EPO) A type of peptide hormone that increases the red blood cell count.

24. Exercise A form of physical activity done to maintain or improve health and/or physical fitness.

25. Fartlek training This type of training allows an athlete to run at varying speeds, over unmeasured distances, on different terrain. (fartlek is the Swedish for ‘speed play’).

26. Fitness The ability to meet the demands of the environment.

27. FITT Frequency, intensity, time and type (used to increase the amount of work the body does, in order to achieve overload).

28. Flexibility The range of movement possible at a joint.

29. Health A state of complete mental, physical and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.

30. Health-related exercises Exercise which is undertaken primarily to improve health and fitness for life.

31. Healthy, active lifestyle A lifestyle that contributes positively to physical, mental and social wellbeing, and that includes regular physical activity.

32. Heart rate The number of times the heart beats each minute.

33. Hypokinetic disease A disease related to too little activity. (hypo means under or too little: kinetic means energy or activity).

34. Hypertrophy Scientific term for an increase in the size of muscle.

35. Individual differences/needs Matching training to the requirements of an individual.

36. Isometric contractions Muscle contraction which results in increased tension but the length does not alter, for example, when pressing against a stationary object.

37. Isotonic contraction Muscle contraction that results in limb movement.

38. Joint A place where two or more bones meet.

39. ligaments A tissue that joins bone to bone.

40. Mesomorph A somatotype, individuals with wide shoulders and narrow hips, characterised by muscularity.

41. Methods of training Interval training, continuous training, circuit training, weight training, fartlek training, cross training.

42. Muscular Endurance The ability to use voluntary muscles many times without getting tired.

43. Muscle groups Muscles may be arranged in groups according location and/or function e.g. the muscle of the leg.

44. Muscular strength The amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance.

45. Narcotic analgesics Drugs that can be used to reduce the feeling of pain.

46. Obese A term used to describe people who are very over weight.

47. Optimum weight Best weight or desirable weight – the best weight a player performs at.

48. Over fat A way of saying you have more body fat than you should have.

49. Overload Fitness can only be improved through training more than you normally do.

50. Overweight Having weight in excess of normal (not harmful unless accompanied by over fatness).

51. Oxygen debt The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above that which would have ordinarily been consumed in the same time at rest (this results in a shortfall in the oxygen available).

52. PAR-Q Physical activity readiness questionnaire.

53. PEP Personal exercise programme.

54. Peptide hormones Drugs that cause the production of other hormones.

55. Performance How well a task is completed.

56. PESSCL PE and school sport club links.

57. Physical activity Any form of exercise or movement; physical activity may be planned and structured or unplanned and unstructured (in PE we are concerned with planned and structured physical activity, such as a fitness class).

58. Power The ability to do strength performances quickly (power = strength x speed).

59. Progressive overload To gradually increase the amount of overload so that fitness gains occur, but without potential for injury.

60. Reaction time The time between the presentation of a stimulus and the onset of a movement.

61. Recovery The time required for the repair of damage to the body caused by training or competition.

62. Rehabilitation Restoring (an injury) to its normal functioning state.

63. Rest The period of time allotted to recovery.

64. Resistance training Training that uses a resistance or force against which specific muscle groups must work e.g. weight training.

65. Reversibility Any adaptation that takes place as a consequence of training will be reversed when you stop training.

66. RICE Rest, ice, compression, elevation (a method of treating injuries).

67. Role Models A person you can aspire to, to make you into a better person. Often have qualities that we would like to have.

68. Self-esteem Respect for, or a favourable opinion of, oneself.

69. Skill-related fitness Exercise which may be undertaken primarily to improve sporting ability.

70. SMART Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time-bound.

71. Socio-economic status May be based on a person’s income, education, and occupation.

72. Somatotypes Classification of body type.

73. Specificity Matching training to the requirements of an activity.

74. Speed The differential rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time.

75. Stimulants Drugs that have an effect on the central nervous system, such as increased mental and/or physical alertness.

76. Stroke volume The volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction.

77. Target zone The range within which an individual needs to work for aerobic training to take place (60-80 per cent of maximum heart rate).

78. Tendons A tissue that joins muscles to bone.

79. Training A well-planned programme which uses scientific principles to improve performance, skill, game ability and motor and physical fitness.

80. Training thresholds The boundaries of the target zone.

81. Underweight Weighing less than is normal, healthy or required.