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Weather and Climate Part 1 - Introduction CGF3M Crescent School
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Definitions Weather: all the atmospheric activities that occur at a given place at a given time. The condition of the atmosphere. Climate: atmospheric conditions a place has, averaged over a long period of time. The average of weather. Include: temperature, wind speed and direction, humidity, precipitation, pressure, cloud cover.
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Weather: Short Term Small Scale Difficult to predict and forecast (Daily) Temperature, Precipitation, Humidity, Wind direction and speed, pressure Meteorology Climate: Long Term Large Scale Easy to predict (Seasonal) Climate is the averages of Temperature, Precipitation etc. Climatology
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Climatic Controls It is obvious that not all places on earth experience the same weather or climate. There are a number of factors that effect the weather or climate. They are called ‘Climatic Controls’. Remember Grade 9 and LOWER - Near Water! This year we will change it up a bit.
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There are Four basic variables that influence climate: 1.Insolation: amount of solar radiation a place receives (amount of daylight & angle of suns rays - Latitude) 2.Elevation: Altitude (air pressure/heat released) 3.Proximity of water bodies: (moderates, continental areas with large lakes) 4.Ocean currents: movement of heat from the equator toward the poles (temperature & precipitation)
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Microclimates Subtle variations in temperature, humidity and precipitation on a small scale. –Exposure: influence of wind on temperature and humidity –Albedo: surfaces convert solar energy into heat Walk (outside) around the school one day and you will notice surprisingly different conditions around the area that contains the school
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Dark Pavement Natural cover - grass, trees etc. Strong Sun The Shade Buildings acting as barriers to the sun or wind
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Exposure: Slopes - southern slopes receive more sun than northern slopes Wind Chill - how cold the temperature feels to people because of the wind. A surface that is heated by the sun will be cooled quickly if there is a strong wind that blows the heated air away quickly. This type of surface will also dry faster.
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Albedo: Dark surfaces convert more of the available heat than light surfaces. Walk across black pavement with bare feet on a hot summer day, then walk on grass. Objects with low albedo are cooler than objects with high albedo
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Urban Heat Island: Concrete Tall buildings - wind tunnels Cars, air conditioners Subways Pollutions - Inversions Increased levels of Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrous oxide etc. Many cities that have large parks and ravines compensate this Urban Heat Island effect.
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The End Go to Part 2 of the Weather and Climate slide shows
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