1. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis Emilio Chuvieco and Alfredo Huete Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing – Chapter 5

2. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis Visual interpretation + Low investment. + Builds upon photo-interpretation experience. + Includes a wide variety of criteria. - Analog: requires digitizing the output. - Influenced by interpreter’s subjectivity.

3. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis Photo-products Negative Film Positive Film Paper  Facilitates paper reproduction.  Multiple color combinations  More quality

4. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis (Courtesy: R. Nuñez). Landsat image of the Portuguese coast in the original NASA format

5. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis COLOR BRIGHTNESS SHADOWS CONTEXT ASSOCIATION PHENOLOGY: SEASONAL CONDITIONS Level of Complexity Spectral criteria Simple spatial criteria Complex spatial criteria Temporal criteria SHAPE SIZE TEXTURE (after European Commission, 1993). Hierarchic organization of visual interpretation criteria

6. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis. Red band (B1); Near infrared band (B2)Short wave infrared (B7) Legend: (1) Snow, (2) Water), (3) Irrigated crops; (4) Bare Soils. Variation in brightness of different spectral bands of MODIS for our sample region (February, 19th, 2001)

7. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis REDGREEN BLUE CYAN YELLOW MAGENT WHIT E RED GREEN BLUE CYAN YELLOWMAGENT BLACK AditiveSubstractive Processes in color formation

8. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis Blue Red Green Color composite

9. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis MODIS 261 MODIS 214 MODIS 275MODIS 143

10. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis (source: Global Land Cover Facility, GLCF) (1) Smooth: grasslands; (2) Medium low: shrubs and grasslands; (3) Medium- high, forested areas; (4) Rough: build up areas Different textures in a Landsat-7 ETM+ image of northern Tucson (Arizona). (September 3, 2000)

11. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis (1) Smooth: grass; (2) Medium concrete roof; (3) Medium-high, clay roof ; (4) Rough: trees. Ikonos image of the University of Arizona, acquired on August, 2000 (source: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/) Textures on high-resolution images

12. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis This criterion makes it possible to discriminate irrigated crops (1) from golf fields (2). ETM+ image of Tucson. Spatial context

13. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis h ls  Diagram for the computation of a the height of a building from its shadow length

14. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis Shades Washington, D.C., IRS Alcalá, KVR-1000

15. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis Examples of land cover identification based on spatial pattern recognition: a) factories; b) tropical deforestation, c) golf field, d) wave patterns Patterns

16. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis Shape recognition from satellite images: a) sport fields; b) factories; c) bullfight ring; d) harbor; e) combustible tanks; f) airplanes. Shapes

17. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis Example of variable shapes in large areas: a) Appalachian relief in a MSS image; b) tropical cyclone in an AHRR image. Large shapes

18. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis Stereoscopic view of the metric camera RMK 20/23 on Central Spain. The camera was installed on board the Space Shuttle in 1981 (Courtesy: R. Núñez).

19. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis MULTI-YEAR ANALYSIS DATE 1 DATE 2 DATE 3 DATE 1 DATE 2 INTERPRETATION MULTI-SEASONAL ANALYSIS Temporal dimensions in image interpretation

20. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis Seasonal variation Central Spain 5-5-98 21-7-97

21. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis Change detection analysis

22. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis Tucson TM image acquired June 9, 1989 (source: http://aria.arizona.edu/) Effect of geometric distortions on the image interpretation Tucson ETM+ image acquired September 3, 2000 (source: Global Land Cover Facility, GLCF).

23. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis Top: comparison between MODIS (left) and ETM (right) images of the Tucson area; Bottom: comparison between ETM+ (left) and Ikonos (right) of the University of Arizona’s campus Effect of the spatial resolution on the image visual interpretation

24. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis Comparison of three spatial resolution images over a sector of Alcala de Henares city (central Spain). Left: ETM+ (band 3, 30m), center: panchromatic channel (15 m), right: KVR-1000 (2m).

25. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis MODIS spectral bands of the study region (image acquired on February, 19th, 2001: From left to right and top to bottom: B3: 459-479 nm; B4: 545-565 nm; B1: 620-670 nm, B2: 841-876 nm; B6:1628-1652 nm and B7: 2105-2155 nm

26. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis MODIS band 1 (red) images of the study region acquired at different times of year. Left: February, 19th; Center: May, 21st; September, 25th. The bottom window shows the status of the Hoover dam in the same dates

27. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis (Source of images: http://aria.arizona.edu/) MSS 1974 TM 2002 Change detection analysis (city of Phoenix, Arizona)

28. Chuvieco and Huete (2009): Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis (Source: Atlas of our changing environment) Recent evolution of lake Chapala in central Mexico