1. Photorealistic Outcrop at Dallas Post Office Accuracy of a few centimeters Photo registration about 0.7 – 2.7 pixels. Bring outcrop back to office photorealistically in three-dimensions Directly taking measurement on photos in three-dimensions Virtual field trip

2. Objectives Rendering the geological outcrop photorealistically in three-dimensions Capturing the entire outcrop in three- dimensions and taking back to office Additional 3D mapping and measurements back in office.

3. Traditional Image Registration Apply the low order polynomial function to map the image coordinates into world space. Only appropriate with a perpendicular perspective and relatively small relief Poor accuracy

4. The georeferenced digital geological map The DEM Geological map draped onto terrain surface Traditional Image Registration

5. Geometric Measurement Rely on stereo image sequences. Require a large amount of correspondence points. Time consuming. Not good for natural surfaces.

6. Stereo Image Sequence Capture System

7. Image Registration Rely on pinhole model. Project the ray of a point into camera space. Project to image plane by projective transform. Linear initialization and non-linear optimization.

8. Camera Geometry (Pinhole Model)

9. Image Registration Rely on pinhole model. Project the ray of a point into camera space. Project to image plane by projective transform. Linear initialization and non-linear optimization.

10. Coordinate Transforms

11. Regional Geology Study Site

12. 2D Map View

13. Perspective View of Surveyed Points

14. Terrain Surface

15. PhotoReflect or F (mm)Std. Error K1K2P1P2 Photo 1 No23.11022.432.88e-5-5.25e- 7 -4.03e-44.73e-4 Photo 2 No23.87872.41-2.17e-4-2.80e- 7 1.60e-45.62e-4 Photo 3 Yes23.59331.45-5.54e-41.55e-6-3.92e-5-4.99e- 4 Photo 4 Yes23.18160.63-5.23e-41.17e-42.35e-6-1.52e- 4 Photo 5 Yes23.19620.72-5.5e-41.46e-6-5.87e-51.45e-4 Result of Image Registration

16. Control Points

17. Photo Mosaic

18. Reproject The Bed And Faults Onto Image

19. Photorealistic Outcrop

21. Re-Digitized Key Beds and Faults

22. Interpolated Subsurface

24. A Cross Section From The 3D Model

25. Photorealistic Virtual Outcrop