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Observation of an Efimov spectrum in an atomic system Matteo Zaccanti LENS, University of Florence.

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Presentation on theme: "Observation of an Efimov spectrum in an atomic system Matteo Zaccanti LENS, University of Florence."— Presentation transcript:

1 Observation of an Efimov spectrum in an atomic system Matteo Zaccanti LENS, University of Florence

2 Universality in 2- 3-(4)-body systems Low energy and |a|>>r 0 : universal regime V(r) Point-like particles a >0 If |a|  r 0 Scattering doesn’t depend on the microscopic V(r)

3 Universality in 2- 3-(4)-body systems ? See B&H review 2006 r0r0 |a||a| |a|∞|a|∞ Efimov effect

4 Each Efimov state accompanied by two 4B states Universality in 2- 3-(4)-body systems von Stecher et al, arXiv:0810.3876 No additional 4-body parameter

5 Tunable a over wide range o Low collision energy To summarize… Ultracold atomic gases + Feshbach resonances Ideal test bed for Efimov physics!!! Kraemer et al., Nature 440, 315 (2006) Knoop et al., Nat. Phys. 5, 227 (2009) Ottenstein et al., PRL 101, 203202 (2008) Ferlaino et al. PRL 102, 140401 (2009) Barontini et al., arXiv:0901.4584arXiv:0901.4584 To explore Efimov scenario:

6 To take in mind… Efimov scenario r 0 =0 Real world r 0 ~l VdW Expected deviations for the deepest states of the ladder Coincidence only as |a|>>r 0 Additional 3-body parameter is needed!!! (Unknown location of the first Efimov feature)

7 Efimov scenario & 3-body observables Universal relations between a - n a + n and a * n

8 Efimov physics in 39 K no narrow resonances connection between a >0 and a <0 via universal region Small background scattering length: a bg =-29 a 0 D’Errico et al. NJP 9, 223 (2007) Broad Feshbach resonances: good control on a (B) Roati et al, PRL 99, 010403 (2007) Fattori et al, PRL 101, 190405 (2008)

9 Efimov physics in 39 K 3-body recombination vs a Explored: [-300; -8000] a 0 [+20;+25000] a 0

10 Efimov physics in 39 K Presence of two trimer states very close to Efimov scenario!!!

11 Efimov physics in 39 K a > 0 Two recombination minima

12 Efimov physics in 39 K a < 0 One Efimov resonance… … and associated 4-body feature(s)

13 Efimov physics in 39 K a > 0 Two recombination maxima… … close to the AD resonances (unexpected)

14 What’s going on? Efimov physics in 39 K  enhanced AD scattering cross section Where are the dimers?Three body processes! K 3 enhancement due to n l enhancement

15 Usually, the three-body process causes n l =3 Efimov physics in 39 K

16 …but if AD cross section is large it can be n l >>3!!! Efimov physics in 39 K Similar in BEC of 87 Rb above critical opacity

17 Efimov physics in 39 K Idea confirmed from a simple model for AD collisions…

18 Efimov physics in 39 K Similar mechanism at the other feature

19 Ideal vs real world: a comparison RatioExpTheo(Exp-Theo)/Theo (%) a>0a + 1 /a * 1 7.4(3)4.5+64(7) a * 2 /a * 1 30.6(14)22.7+35(6) a + 2 /a * 2 6(1)4.5+33(22) a + 2 /a + 1 25(4)22.7+10(18) Simultaneous fit gives: s 0 =0.956(18) Larger spacing

20 Ideal vs real world: a comparison RatioExp.UT(Exp.-UT.)/UT (%) a<0a * 2 /a - 1 -0.62(5)-1.06-40(5) a + 2 /a - 1 -3.8(6)-4.79-21(12) Consistent with recent theo. predictions Hammer et al., PRA 75 032715 (2007) Th ø gersten et al., PRA 78 020501 (2008) Platter et al., PRA 79 022702 (2009) D’incao et al., J. Phys. B 42 044016 (2009)

21 Outlook & Conclusions  Universality vs short-range effects  Further investigations: AD scattering, 4-body features, association of Efimov trimers, low dimensions…  Different FRs: other Efimov spectra on the same atomic system.

22 Thank you for your attention!

23 Efimov scenario & 3-body observables 3-body recombination atom-dimer scattering

24 Efimov scenario & 3-body observables 3-body recombination particle-dimer scattering

25 Note that inelastic AD scattering causes an increase of only n l =3->n l =4 Efimov physics in 39 K: experiment & analysis

26 p e = prob. for D of elastic AD collision before leaving the trap P i (k)= prob. for D of inelastic AD collision before the k-th el. coll Simple considerations allow to estimate them: p e = 1- exp(-  n l   AD ) p i (0) = 1- exp(-  AD /(v 0  AD )) After k M E D <E Trap k S such that p i (k S )=1 Analytic exp. available in the low-energy limit for  AD and  AD Efimov physics in 39 K: experiment & analysis

27 You can include all possible events, extract n l Efimov physics in 39 K: experiment & analysis UT/30 …and compare exp. with K 3 =  n l UT

28 Outline  Universality in few-body systems  Efimov’s physics in 39 K  Outlook & perspectives  Ideal vs real world: a comparison  Efimov’s scenario & 3-body observables

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