2. English Civil War, 1603-89

3. Causes n Political and constitutional conflict over sovereignty n unique British traditions n religious conflicts over extent of Protestant Reformation n complex social causes--rise of gentry and mercantile elites (caveats)

4. James I, Stuart King nFnFnFnFollowed beloved Elizabeth I n“n“n“n“True Law of Free Monarchies” npnpnpnphysical appearance ncncncnconflict over church structure & extent of reform nGnGnGnGunpowder Plot, 1605 nDnDnDnDuke of Buckingham

5. Charles I (1625-49) nPnPnPnPetition of Right, 1628 npnpnpnpersonal rule, 1629-40 nAnAnAnArchbishop William Laud and Book of Common Prayer nsnsnsnship money, knight tax, Star Chamber nPnPnPnPuritans and Oliver Cromwell, John Pym nininininvasion of Scotland

6. English Civil War, 1640-49 n Long n Long Parliament, 1640-53 n prosecution n prosecution of king’s officials n Triennial n Triennial and other acts n coup n coup of 1642 n New n New Model Army and Cromwell n Roundheads n Roundheads v. Cavaliers n king n king captured in 1646

7. Trial and Execution of King nCnCnCnCharles escapes in 1648 w/Scots ncncncncaptured by New Model Army in 1648 nPnPnPnPresbyterians, Independents, Levellers/Diggers (Putney Debates) nPnPnPnPride’s Purge and Rump Parliament nJnJnJnJan. 31, 1649--Charles beheaded

8. Cromwell, Lord Protector n Vigorous mercantilist policy n invasion of Ireland and Scotland n dissolution of Rump, 1653 n Instrument of Government n military districts and high taxes n Cromwell dies in 1658 n Restoration of Stuarts in 1660

9. Charles II nTnTnTnTest Act and conflict over religion nCnCnCnCharles’s religious convictions npnpnpnpro-French policy and subsidies nCnCnCnCatholic plots and anti-Catholicism nrnrnrnrole of J of Peace nWnWnWnWhigs and Tories (succession) npnpnpnpersonal rule after 1672

10. Glorious Revolution, 1688-89 n James n James II and “open Catholicism” n birth n birth of “baby James” n nobles n nobles invite Mary (James’s daughter and William of Orange) n Glorious n Glorious Revolution and Battle of Boyne n future n future pretenders--1715, 1745 n Bill n Bill of Rights and Parliament sovereign

11. King in Parliament nWnWnWnWhigs and Tories npnpnpnpatronage, Bank of England, “pocket boroughs” nPnPnPnPrime Minister (Walpole) and Hanoverians n“n“n“n“Wilkes and Liberty” nAnAnAnAct of Union (1707) nBnBnBnBritain’s unique achievement