1. Presentation Pro © 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc. Magruder’s American Government C H A P T E R 2 Origins of American Government

2. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 Origins of American Government C H A P T E R 2 Origins of American Government SECTION 1 Our Political Beginnings SECTION 2 The Coming of Independence SECTION 3 The Critical Period SECTION 4 Creating the Constitution SECTION 5 Ratifying the Constitution Chapter 2 2222 3333 4444 1111 5555

3. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 Chapter 2, Section 1 Our Political Beginnings S E C T I O N 1 Our Political Beginnings What basic concepts of government were held by American colonists? Which important English documents have had the most influence on our government? How were the governments of the thirteen colonies organized? 2222 3333 4444 5555

4. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 The English colonists in America brought with them three main concepts: Basic Concepts of Government The need for an ordered social system, or government. The idea of limited government, that is, that government should not be all-powerful. The concept of representative government—a government that serves the will of the people. Chapter 2, Section 1 2222 3333 4444 5555 Basic Concepts of Government

5. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 Important English Documents 1. The Magna Carta or “The Great Charter” Signed in Runnymede in 1215—to restrain King John –Trial by jury –Due process of law »Protection against arbitrary taking of life, liberty, or property. –First intended only for the privileged classes. –Established the principle that the power of the monarch is NOT “absolute.”

6. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 2. The Petition of Right—1628, to limit the power of King Charles I when he asked Parliament for more taxes. Limited the power of the king Could not imprison or punish without judgment of peers or law of the land. Could not impose martial law or military rule Cannot require housing of the king’s troops in homes.

7. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 3. The English Bill of Rights—1688 Prohibited a standing army in peacetime. That parliamentary elections be free. That taxation without the approval of Parliament was prohibited. Guaranteed right to a fair trial, freedom from excessive bail, and no cruel and inhuman punishment.

8. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 The Thirteen Colonies Chapter 2, Section 1 There were three types of colonies in North America: royal, proprietary, and charter. 2222 3333 4444 5555 Let’s Find them on the Map! Page 33 The royal colonies were ruled directly by the English monarchy. The King granted land to people in North America, who then formed proprietary colonies. The charter colonies were mostly self-governed, and their charters were granted to the colonists.

9. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 Section 1 Review 1. All of the following are basic concepts of government brought to the colonies by English settlers EXCEPT (a) the need for limited government. (b) the need for a representative government. (c) the need for an autocratic government. (d) the need for an ordered social system. 2. Which of the following was not one of the rights granted in the Magna Carta? (a) The right to private property. (b) The right to a trial by jury. (c) The right to freedom of religion. (d) The right to undergo due process of the law. Chapter 2, Section 1 Want to connect to the Magruder’s link for this chapter? Click Here!Click Here! 2222 3333 4444 5555

10. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 The Coming of Independence S E C T I O N 2 The Coming of Independence What were Britain’s colonial policies and how did the colonists react to them? What were the outcomes of the First and Second Continental Congresses? How did American independence come about, and what were its effects? Chapter 2, Section 2 3333 4444 1111 5555

11. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 Chapter 2, Section 2 3333 4444 1111 5555 British Colonial Policies Until the mid-1700s, the colonies were allowed a great deal of freedom in their governments by the English monarchy. In 1760, King George III imposed new taxes and laws on the colonists. The colonists started a confederation, proposed an annual congress, and began to rebel.

12. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 Growing Colonial Unity Early Attempts In 1643, several New England settlements formed the New England Confederation which was in defense against Native Americans A confederation is a joining of several groups for a common purpose. The Albany Plan In 1754, Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany Plan of Union, in which an annual congress of delegates (representatives) from each of the 13 colonies would be formed- turned down by the colonies and crown Chapter 2, Section 2 3333 4444 1111 5555

13. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 The Stamp Act Congress 1765: England passes the Stamp Act which required the use of tax stamps on all legal documents, certain business agreements, and newspapers …colonists thought the prices were too high In 1765, a group of colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress in New York. These delegates prepared the Declaration of Rights and Grievances against British policies and sent it to the king. Parliament repealed, or cancelled the Stamp Act…but passed other taxes Colonists began to boycott all British goods Boston Massacre Committees of Correspondence led by Samuel Adams organized resistance (1772). December 16, 1773—Boston Tea Party

15. The First Continental Congress Parliament passed more laws to “punish” the colonies in 1774 Intolerable Acts

16. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 Met on September 5, 1774 in Philadelphia For 2 months Issued a Declaration of Rights-a protest Adjourned on October 26 calling for a second meeting.

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18. The Second Continental Congress May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia Battles of Lexington and Concord—”the Shot Heard Round the World”—April 19 Representatives from all 13 colonies—John Hancock as president. Our First National Government From July 1776-March 1, 1781

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20. 123 4 5Propaganda A form of persuasion that appeals to emotions in order to convince people about the truth of a particular idea or point of view Examples: Advertisements Editorials Political speeches/writing Testimonials

21. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 Propaganda- Political Cartoons Use visual humor and exaggeration to persuade Bostonians Pay the Excise Man

22. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 Lord William Pitt as “The Colossus”

23. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 American Independence A year after revolution began, they made a committee of five to prepare a proclamation of independence…but mostly written by Thomas Jefferson On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. Chapter 2, Section 2 3333 4444 1111 5555

24. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 Uniqueness of document:  No government based on ideas that people should rule, not be ruled  Idea that every person is created equal  Every person has certain “unalienable rights”  Founded on idea of “the consent of the governed”- not divine power

25. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 Declaration of Independence Writers: Thomas Jefferson [main author], John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston Preamble Explains reasons for separating Declaration of Natural Rights Lists basic rights to which people are entitled List of Grievances Evidence that King George has violated the colonists’ rights Resolution of Independence States clearly that the states are now independent from Britain.

26. Welcome Delegates to the…. Signing of the Declaration of Independence

27. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 Common Features of State Constitutions Chapter 2, Section 2 3333 4444 1111 5555 Common Features of State Constitutions Civil Rights and Liberties Popular Sovereignty Limited Government Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances The principle of popular sovereignty was the basis for every new State constitution. That principle says that government can exist and function only with the consent of the governed. The people hold power and the people are sovereign. The concept of limited government was a major feature of each State constitution. The powers delegated to government were granted reluctantly and hedged with many restrictions. In every State it was made clear that the sovereign people held certain rights that the government must respect at all times. Seven of the new constitutions contained a bill of rights, setting out the “unalienable rights” held by the people. The powers granted to the new State governments were purposely divided among three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. Each branch was given powers with which to check (restrain the actions of) the other branches of the government. Between 1776 and 1777, most of the States adopted constitutions instead of charters.

28. 123 Go To Section: 4 5 Section 2 Review 1. The Declaration of Independence was signed in (a) 1765. (b) 1776. (c) 1781. (d) 1787. 2. The Stamp Act of 1765 was a law enacted by the British that (a) increased the colonists’ taxes. (b) was repealed by the Magna Carta. (c) the colonists ratified one year later. (d) raised the price of postage stamps by two cents. Chapter 2, Section 2 Want to connect to the Magruder’s link for this section? Click Here!Click Here! 3333 4444 1111 5555