2. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 2: CYCLONES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

3. AUSTRALIA

4. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN AUSTRALIA FLOODS CYCLONES EARTHQUAKES WILDFIRES ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER NRESILIENT GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES

5. Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters Planet Earth’s atmospheric- hydrospheric- lithospheric interactions create situations favorable for CYCLONES

6. A DISASTER is --- --- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., cyclones, floods,...) intersect at a point in space and time.

7. Disasters are caused by s ingle- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

8. SEVERE WINDSTORM HAZARDS

9. HIGH POTENTIAL LOSS EXPOSURES IN A CYCLONE A communities people, property, essential and critical infrastructure, business enterprise, government centers, crops, wildlife, and natural resources.

10. HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) WIND FIELD (CLOCKWISE DIRECTION; CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5 (155 mph or greater) STORM SURGE HEAVY RAINFALL LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS) COSTAL EROSION TORNADOES (SOMETIMES)

11. WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE SEVERE WINDSTORMS UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS STORM SURGE IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN DESIGN PROBLEMS FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES CAUSES OF DAMAGE “DISASTER LABORATORIES”

12. AUSTRALIA’S COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS HAZARDS INVENTORY AT RISK VULNERABILITY LOCATION CYCLONE RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK CYCLONE DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

13. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL CYCLONES PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPEDTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

14. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL CYCLONES EARLY WARNING IS ESSENTIAL FOR EVACUATION AND PREPARATION OF THE LAST LINE OF DEFENSE, WHICH ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

15. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL CYCLONES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

16. SOME OF AUSTRALIA’S WORST CYCLONES Cyclone TRACY: 1974 Cyclone LARRY: 2006 Cyclone HAMISH: 2009

17. CYCLONE TRACY

18. CYCLONE TRACY’S PATH

19. IMPACTS OF CYCLONE TRACY Cyclone Tracy devastated the city of Darwin in Australia’s Northern Territory from Christmas Eve to Christmas Day, 1974.

20. IMPACTS OF TRACY Tracy killed 71 people, caused AS837 million in damage (1974 dollars) and destroyed more than 70 percent of Darwin's buildings, including 80 percent of the houses.

21. IMPACTS OF TRACY More than 30,000 of Darwin’s 47,000 inhabitants were evacuated from Adelaide, Whvalla, Alice, Springs, and Sydney. Many never returned to Darwin.

22. AFTER TRACY Darwin was rebuilt using modern materials and updated building practices that incorporated wind engineering

23. CYCLONE LARRY

24. QUEENSLAND

25. Larry made landfall in far North Queensland close to Innisfail on 20 March 2006 as a Category 4 with wind gusts reaching 240 kilometers per hour (150 mph), and dissipating over land soon afterward.

26. CYCLONE LARRY: MARCH 15-20, 2006

27. CYCLONE LARRY’S TRACK: MARCH 15-20, 2006

28. LARRY’S IMPACTS Throughout Queensland, Cyclone Larry resulted in A$1.5 billion ($1.1 billion USD) in damage, making Larry, at that time the costliest tropical cyclone to ever impact Australia, surpassing 1974’s Cyclone Tracy’ loss.

29. CYCLONE HAMISH

30. CYCLONE HAMISH: MARCH 4-11, 2009

31. CYCLONE HAMISH‘ TRACK MARCH 4-11, 2009

32. CYCLONE HAMISH

33. CYCLONE HAMISH’S IMPACTS Hamish was a CAT 4 storm with 290 kph (175 mph) winds Coal exports were disrupted The tourist industry was slowed. It caused a major oil spill.

34. HEAVY RAINFALL Hamish produced heavy rainfall over North Queensland with accumulations of 300 mm (12 in) in some areas. Mackay recorded 284 mm (11 in) in 2 days, and in combination with high tide, Hamish produced a 6.3 m (20.6 ft) tide in Mackay, flooding some streets.

35. CYCLONE HAMISH: OIL SPILL IMPACTS BEACHES

36. THE NEXT CYCLONE SEASON IS ON THE WAY CYCLONE DISASTER RESILIENCE IS NOT AN IMPOSSIBLE DREAM!

37. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL CYCLONES RECOVERY AND RECON- STRUCTION IS ABOUT KNOW- ING WHAT TO DO DIFFFERENTLY WHEN START- ING OVER AGAIN.