1. ACD A00000 00-01 Ultra Wideband UK Test Results Presented by John Mettrop UK CAA

2. ACD A00000 00-01 What is Ultra WideBand? Short Duration Pulse Occupies significant Bandwidth (Normally >500MHz) High Instantaneous Power Low average Power Flux Density Intended to Operate Below Noise Floor

3. ACD A00000 00-01 Ultra Wideband Applications (1) Communications 3.1 – 10.6 GHz Range <30 Metres Bandwidth 480 MBits/Sec Replacement of USB, Video Streaming Ground/Wall Penetrating Radar < 3 GHz Range <2 cm to contact face Road/Runway/Wall Assessment Licensed and Co-ordinated

4. ACD A00000 00-01 Ultra Wideband Applications (2) Building Material Analysis < 4 GHz Range <1 Metre through Wall Location of Pipes/Cables/ Imperfections Intended to Be Unlicensed

5. ACD A00000 00-01 Theoretical Studies ITU TG1/8 Established in 2002 Completed its work in 2005 Produce 1 report and 4 Recommendations ECC PT 3 Report 64 ECC Decision Further Consultation on PFD Limits 3.1 – 4.4 GHz On-going Work on GPR/WPR/BMA Due to Complete June 2006

6. ACD A00000 00-01 Practical Testing in the UK

7. ACD A00000 00-01 Aggregate Effects? Azimuth beamwidth ~2 to 4 degrees Radar Antenna Sidelobes 4°4° 2°2° ~300m UWB Devices Decreasing antenna gain

8. ACD A00000 00-01 Antenna Elevation Handheld External? Shielding Glass 0 dB Brick ~10 dB dB One storey building Two storey building Difference in antenna gain < 1dB

9. ACD A00000 00-01 Antenna Elevation Shielding Glass 0 dB Brick ~10 dB dB Difference in antenna gain < 1dB More important is number of devices rather than height e.g. departure lounge. Eastleigh?

10. ACD A00000 00-01 I/N versus UWB EIRP Radar IF Filter Response Single UWB spike e.g. 50 MHz PRF Multiple UWB spikes e.g. 1.5 MHz PRF

11. ACD A00000 00-01 1.5 MHz Undithered, 1 MHz bandwidth 1.5 MHz Undithered 1 MHz bandwidth

12. ACD A00000 00-01 Dithered UWB Undithered Dithered

13. ACD A00000 00-01 Dithered UWB

14. ACD A00000 00-01 OFDM UWB 4.8 MHz channel width 1 MHz measurement bandwidth Bandwidth correction factor for noise-like signals: C = 10log10(BW ratio) C = 10log10(5) = 7 dB BW Ratio = Radar IF BW/1 MHz

15. ACD A00000 00-01 Effect of Radar Processing on Interference Type Frequency Radar return pulse Radar return pulse 50 MHz undithered spike OFDM 20 dB 30 dB

16. ACD A00000 00-01 False Targets: Early Warning Mode Targets start at 40 nm Target spacing 2.5 nm

17. ACD A00000 00-01 Determining Pd: 100% 5 targets, no interference

18. ACD A00000 00-01 Determining Pd: 80% 4 targets

19. ACD A00000 00-01 Determining Pd: 60% 3 targets

20. ACD A00000 00-01 Determining Pd: 40% 2 targets

21. ACD A00000 00-01 Determining Pd: 3 faint targets 1 2 3

22. ACD A00000 00-01 Pd vs EIRP: Radar B Uncorrected

23. ACD A00000 00-01 Pd vs EIRP: Radar A Uncorrected

24. ACD A00000 00-01 Correcting for wrong Pd

25. ACD A00000 00-01 Correcting for wrong Pd Measured at 90% +9.6 dB Curve Fit Model for 90% + 9.6 dB At 50% point Perform correctio n Model

26. ACD A00000 00-01 Pd vs EIRP: Radar B Corrected -70 dBm/MHz at 358m -90 dBm/MHz at 358m -56 dBm/MHz at 358m ~20 dB

27. ACD A00000 00-01 Pd vs EIRP: Radar A Corrected -53 dBm/MHz at 358m -84 dBm/MHz at 358m ~30 dB

28. ACD A00000 00-01 Distance correction First Fresnel Zone At 3 GHz > 2 km Antenna near field effects ~ 100m? Field strength Distance 20 Log D1/D2 40 Log D1/D2 ITU Propagation Models

29. ACD A00000 00-01 UWB Allowable Field strength vs Distance

30. ACD A00000 00-01 UWB Allowable Field strength vs Distance

31. ACD A00000 00-01 I/N versus EIRP: UWB to Radar B

32. ACD A00000 00-01 Propagation: Onset of UWB interference

33. ACD A00000 00-01 Key factors Setting of targets to 90% Pd Determining when a target is visible IF measurement bandwidth Location of IF measurement in radar chain

34. ACD A00000 00-01 Faulty Baby Alarms Purpose Monitoring baby activity during sleep Potentially Affect Services VHF Communications Documented Cases of Interference Numerous in the UK Solution Supply replacement unit Studies None

35. ACD A00000 00-01 Industrial/Scientific/Medical 5 th Harmonic of 27 MHz Purpose Various including RF drying ovens for biscuits etc Potentially Affect Services VHF Communications Documented Cases of Interference Numerous within the UK Solution Retune centre frequency of the RF unit Better RF Shielding Studies None

36. ACD A00000 00-01 Cable TV Purpose Provision of television and internet services Potentially Affect Services ILS, VOR, VHF Communications Documented Cases of Interference Numerous in Germany and Belgium Initial Problems in the UK Solution Improved termination of cables Frequency avoidance Studies ECC Report 24 May 2003 http://www.ero.dk/documentation/docs/docfiles.asp?docid=1941& wd=N

37. ACD A00000 00-01 Wireless Cameras Purpose Wireless CCTV cameras Potentially Affect Services DME, SSR, GNSS Documented Cases of Interference See WG F Working Paper 9 Solution Confiscation Prosecution Studies None

38. ACD A00000 00-01 GSM On-board Aircraft Purpose Provide mobile phone communications in flight Potential Impact Interference to Aircraft Systems Passenger Behaviour (Air Rage) Interference to Ground Non-Aeronautical Services Studies RTCA 202 (on-going) Eurocae WG58 (on-going) CEPT SE 7 Technical Report (on-going)

39. ACD A00000 00-01 Windfarms 1 Purpose Renewable Energy Provision Potentially Affect Services Radar (ILS, MLS, VHF Communications) Documented Cases of Interference See next slide Solution Objection to Development Studies None published Work on-going

40. ACD A00000 00-01 Windfarms 2

41. ACD A00000 00-01 Questions