1. Tailing Tornadoes

2. Vocabulary Words layer raging survey opposing prediction severe
stovepipe
spiraling
inspiration
alert

3. layer
Sedimentary rock is made up more than one layer of rock fragments and sometimes plant and animal material.
Grandma made her famous old fashioned layer cake for the reunion.
layer- one thickness of something

4. raging The raging waves crashed against the ship.
The man was kayaking down the raging river.
raging- very active and unpredictable

5. survey
After the tornado had passed, the men looked around town to survey the damage left behind.
The buyers will survey the products available before buying anything for the store.
survey- an inspection or investigation

6. opposing The plant has opposing leaves.
The men were members of opposing political parties.
opposing- opposite, completely different

7. prediction
The weatherman’s prediction is that we will have a snow storm before next weekend.
The forecaster’s prediction of a tornado coming from this storm came true.
prediction- the act of telling something before it happens

8. severe The judge gave the criminal a severe sentence for his crime.
A severe storm was moving into the area. It was predicted to be a dangerous one.
severe- very serious, dangerous

9. stovepipe
The smoke was going up the stove’s stovepipe and out of the house.
The man measured the stovepipe to make sure it was long enough to do the job.
stovepipe- a thin pipe connected to a stove that directs smoke or fumes out of the area

10. spiraling
They were trying to decide if they should go into the spiraling tunnel.
The girl made a spiraling pattern with her shapes.
spiraling- moving in the shape of a spiral

11. inspiration
Some people get inspiration from sermons, others from nature.
The beautiful sight of the mountains in the fall gave the artist inspiration for the painting.
inspiration- the stirring of the mind, feelings, or imagination, especially so some good idea comes

12. alert
A good hunting dog is alert to every sound and movement around him.
The soccer players were alert and prepared to act when the ball came their way.
alert- awake and prepared to act

13. Vocabulary Synonyms Match the vocabulary with a word that means about the same thing as the vocabulary word.
level
fuming
inspect
contrasting
forecasting
harsh
chimney
coiling
stimulation
aware
alert
layer
severe
survey
opposing
prediction
raging
stovepipe
spiraling
inspiration

14. Vocabulary Synonyms Match the vocabulary with a word that means about the same thing as the vocabulary word.
level
fuming
inspect
contrasting
forecasting
harsh
chimney
coiling
stimulation
aware
layer
raging
survey
opposing
prediction
severe
stovepipe
spiraling
inspiration
alert

15. What vocabulary word goes best in each sentence?
layers
It was cold outside, so the extra ______ of clothing helped.
All the the weather forecasters had made the same _________.
prediction
The weather lady warned about the possibility of _______ weather coming this weekend.
severe
alert
They warned us to stay _______ and be prepared.
inspiration
The musician got his _________ for the song from his brother .

16. What vocabulary word goes best in each sentence?
stovepipe
The __________ from the stove was wrapped around the telephone pole.
survey
The men of the town when out to _______ the damage from the storm.
spiraling
We watched the leaf slowly ________ down to the ground.
opposing
They were on _________ teams for this game.
raging
The troop wanted to conquer the _______ river one more time.

17. Word Structure
photograph
meteorologist
laboratory
tornado

18. Word Structure These words have different word origins.
Understanding word origins can help you determine the meaning of difficult and unfamiliar words.
You can find the meanings of the word origins from the dictionary or the online dictionary.

19. Definition of Photograph
A photograph is a likeness or picture obtained from a reaction of light radiation with a sensitive surface.
Literally photograph means to write light. It comes from the words photo, Greek meaning light, and graph from Greek meaning to write.
That is the basis for the technology of photography.

20. Can you use your dictionary to find the origins of the rest of the words?
The word meteorology derives from the Greek word meteoron, which refers to any phenomenon in the sky. Ologist refers to a specialist.
meteorologist
laboratory
tornado
The word laboratory derives from the Latin root laborare, which means to work. The suffix -ory means a place.
The word tornado is influenced by Spanish words tonar, which means to twist and tronada, which means thunderstorm and Latin tonāre which means thunder.

21. Definitions of the words
photograph- picture recorded by a camera or light sensitive paper
meteorologist- one who studies the atmosphere and its processes
laboratory- a place designed to accommodate scientific experiments
tornado- localized violent twisting wind storm

22. Line One Word Structure
Can you put one of the words in an original sentence that clearly expresses the meaning of the word?
photograph
meteorologist
laboratory
tornado

23. What is the common structure?
irregular
irrational
irrelevant
irremovable
regular
rational
relevant
remove
Each word has the prefix ir- which means not. What is the base word for each word?

24. Define each base word. regular rational relevant remove
Normal, following acceptable rules and patterns
Something done with logic and reason
Applicable and useful
To take away or out

25. What part of speech are the words?
irregular
irrational
irrelevant
irremovable
Adjectives
Can you use the words in original sentences?

26. portable transport import export What is the root word?
The root word port is from Latin. It means “to carry”.

27. Literal Definitions of the Words
port (to carry)-able (capable): capable of being carried
trans(across or through): port (to carry) to carry across
im(in)- port (to carry): to carry in
Ex(out of) –port (to carry): to carry out of

28. Can you give me the actual definition for each word?
portable
transport
import
export
portable- easy to carry from place to place
transport- to carry from one place to another
import- to bring in goods from another country
export- to send goods to other countries
Now write each of the words in an original sentence. Be prepared to share your sentences with the class.

29. What is the common structure?
discouraged
discover
disappearing
displace
courage
cover
appear
place
Each word has the prefix dis- which means “not’, “opposite of”, or “free from”.
What is each word’s base word?

30. What are the parts of speech for each word?
adjective or verb
verb
Verb or adjective
discouraged
discover
disappearing
displace

31. What is the definition for each word?
to cause to lose hope or confidence
to see or find for the first time
to go out of sight
to take the place of
discouraged-
discover-
disappearing-
displace-
Use each word in a sentence.

32. Use a dictionary to research the origins of the following words.
Write the literal meaning for each word. How is it compared to the actual definition?
inventions
biology
audience
invent (to make up) (t)ions the act or process of
bio(life, living) logy(science of)
audi(to hear) ence(the act or fact of)

33. Actual Definitions of the Words
inventions- newly created device or idea
biology- the study and science of life
audience- a group of people listening to and watching an event
Can you use the words in sentences?

34. How many words can you think of that have the roots vis or port?
vision
visitor
television
invisible
visor
visibility
visionary
vista
visual
improvise
port
report
portal
sport
support
deport
transport
important
opportunity
Portfolio
transportation

35. Define the following words.
belief
agree
prove
order
- feeling that something is true
- to come to an understanding between groups or people
- to show something is true
- clean, neat or proper position

36. If I add the prefix dis- to each word, what word will I get?
noun
verb
- verb
- noun
belief
Agree
prove
order
disbelief
disagree
- disprove
- disorder
What is the new word’s part of speech?

37. Can you give me the definition for each word?
disbelief
disagree
disprove
disorder
disbelief- feeling that something is false or untrue
disagree- difference of opinion
disprove- to show that something is false
disorder- not in a clean, neat, or proper position; confusion
Now write each of the words in an original sentence. Be prepared to share your sentences with the class.

38. Building Background
What do you know about tornadoes? When is tornado season?
It is during the spring and summer.
What does a tornado look like?
It looks like a spiraling cloud that reaches the ground from the sky. It is sometimes called a twister.
What do you know about meteorology?
It is the study of Earth’s atmosphere. One aspect of meteorology is weather.
Do you know anything about storm chasers?

39. Information you might find helpful when reading the story.
The National Severe Storms Laboratory studies tornadoes to help scientist understand and predict their appearance.
Tornadoes are rated on the Fujita scale from F0 (light damage) to F5 (incredible damage. Wind speeds can get up to 250mph. The path of a tornado can be greater than one mile wide and fifty miles long.
There are an average of 800 to 1,000 tornadoes per year in the USA. They happen mainly in the spring and summer and can occur anywhere in the United States.

40. Expository Text
The purpose of expository text is to share information with the reader.
Facts about real events or real people are often included.
Information is presented in a straightforward way.
The factual information can often be checked by referring to other sources.

41. Comprehension Strategies to Use

44. Focus Questions Why is chasing storms dangerous?
How do storm chasers help us understand weather?
Why is chasing storms dangerous?

45. Comprehension Checks Who is Greg Stumpf?
He is a meteorologist and storm chaser.
Why do you think it is hard to spot a tornado?
I think it is hard to spot a tornado because weather is unpredictable.
What does “going visual” mean?
Going visual means that they can see the storm.
What do the storm chasers study?
The storm chasers study tornadoes and how they form and act.

46. What is the purpose of chasing a tornado?
The purpose of chasing a tornado is to learn more about storm patterns so scientist can predict storms early, likely saving lives.
How does this story relate to the theme?
It shows how energy can be
destructive as well as productive.

47. BIG Idea
How does energy effect your life?

48. Questions for Theme Connections
Why might it be important to study tornadoes?
Learning to predict them may help protect people from their deadly force.
Name one thing that indicates a tornado could form.
A wall cloud dropping from the sky could indicate a tornado is forming.
What qualifies the author to write about tornadoes?
She is a meteorologist.
How is this story similar to The Sparks Fly?
Both show how forms of energy in nature can be dangerous.
How are the storm chasers like Benjamin Franklin?
Both are curious about science and like experimenting to discover new information.

49. Spelling Words - Root Words and Prefixes ir- and dis-
discouraged
irregular
portable
import
displace
irrelevant
sign
signify
disembark
signal
exporting
irrefutable
porter
transportation
disinterest
disappearing
signature
insignia
irrational
irreparable

50. Sort the Spelling Words
dis-
port
sign
ir-
irregular
irrelevant
Irrefutable
irrational
irreparable
discouraged
displace
disembark
disinterest
disappearing
portable
import
exporting
porter
transportation
sign
signify
signal
signature
insignia

51. Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics Conjunctions
Jose and Andrew are in-line skating.
The word and in the sentence is a conjunction. Conjunctions are words that connect words or groups of words.
And is an example of a coordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunctions combine words or groups of words that have equal importance in the sentence. Other examples of coordinating conjunctions are but, or, so, yet, and for.

52. Conjunctions You may leave when you’ve finished.
When is an example of a subordinating conjunction.
Subordinating conjunctions connect two clauses when one clause is grammatically dependant on the other.
Common subordinating conjunctions include after, although, before, when, if, and while.
Write two sentences. One should have a subordinating conjunction and the other should have a coordinating conjunction. Identify each conjunction.

53. Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics
Electronic technology comes in many forms such as the Internet, and electronic dictionaries, thesauruses, encyclopedias and library catalogs. When using these tools, you will need to identify key words for you searches. Key words identify the main topic of research. The key word needs to be precise.

54. What would a good key word be?
What do you need to become a storm chaser?
Key words- storm chaser requirements
What does a meteorologist do?
Key words- meteorologist’s job

55. Did you know????? You can use your word processing program to:
check spelling
check your grammar
find similar words
readability checks

56. But don’t forget…… The word processor can overlook: homographs
homophones
and other grammatical constructions
So ALWAYS proofread.

57. Review rupt jus funct mech Rupt comes from Latin, and it means break.
Jus comes from Latin. It means law.
Funct comes from Latin, and it means perform.
Mech also comes from Latin. It means machine.

58. Find derivatives of the roots.
A derivative is a word formed by adding a prefix or suffix to another word or root.
rupt jus funct mech
interrupt
rupture
erupt
corrupt
disrupt
justice
adjust
unjustly
justify
just
function
functional
nonfunctional
functionalist
functionality
mechanic
mechanical
mechanism
mechanist
mechanize

59. Add the prefix dis- or ir- to make a new word.
revocable
replaceable
agreement
appeared
irrevocable
irreplaceable
disagreement
disappeared
Write the new words in sentences. Be prepared to share your sentences.