1. Overview of the vaccinating protocols and difficulties in general medicine Dorottya Miklósi, Medical Student Coordinator: Dr. Constantin Martha Maria

2. Vaccines 1796, Edward Jenner inoculated an 8-year- old boy against smallpox and coined the term “vaccination” to describe what he had done Controversial topic nowadays The number of parents who have declined the vaccination of their child has increased

3. Why immunize? Diseases are becoming rare due to vaccinations Keep immunizing until disease is eliminated Japan reduced pertussis vaccinations, and an epidemic occurred We vaccinate to protect our future

4. Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Childhood Vaccines DiseaseCausePropagation modeSymptomsComplications Hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus Contact with body fluids or blood Fever, headache, vomiting, loss of appetite, stomach pains,jaundice Chronic infections, cirrhosis, liver failure, liver cancer Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis AirRespiratory events (cough, chest pain), night sweats Meningitis and other organ damage Diphtheria Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Air, direct contactSore throat, mild fever, difficulty breathing Heart failure, paralysis, pneumonia, death

5. Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Childhood Vaccines DiseaseCausePropagation modeSymptomsComplications Tetanus Clostridium TetaniContamination of wounds Stiffness of neck and abdominal muscles, difficulty swallowing, muscle spasms, fever, sweating, increased blood pressure Bone fractures due to muscle spasms, difficulty breathing, death Pertussis Bordetella PertussisAir, direct contactSevere cough, feverPneumonia, seizures, brain damage, ear infections, death Poliomyelitis Polio VirusOralSore throat, fever, nausea Paralysis, death Hib Haemophilus Influenzae B Air, direct contactAppear when bacteria in blood Pneumonia, arthritis, death

6. Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Childhood Vaccines DiseaseCausePropagation modeSymptomsComplications Rotavirus gastroenterit is RotavirusOralDiarrhea, fever, vomiting Severe diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, renal and hepatic impairment, death Pneumococc al disease Streptococcus Pneumoniae Air, direct contactPneumoniaSepticemia, meningitis, death Measles VirusAir, direct contactRash, fever, cough, runny nose Pneumonia, encephalitis, seizures, death

7. Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Childhood Vaccines DiseaseCausePropagation modeSymptomsComplications Rubeola VirusAir, direct contactRash, fever, swollen glands, malaise Encephalitis, arthritis, hemorrhage, orchitis Epidemic parotidis (mumps) VirusAir, direct contactSwollen glands, fever, headaches, malaise, muscle pain Meningitis, encephalitis, inflammation of the testicles or ovaries, deafness

8. The Vaccine Schedule

9. Misconceptions

10. Misconception #1 Diseases had already begun to disappear before vaccines were introduced, because of better hygiene and sanitation

12. Misconception #2 Giving a child multiple vaccinations for different diseases at the same time increases the risk of harmful side effects and can overload the immune system

13. Misconception #3 Vaccines contain hazardous chemicals. Our childrean are poisoned

14. Misonception #4 Vaccines can trigger autism

15. Misconception #5 A dose of vaccine is sufficient

16. Stop to vaccines? Each year about 2.7 million measles deaths worldwide Eight countries where immunization coverage was reduced, incidence rates of pertussis surged to 10-100 times the rates in countries where vaccination rates were sustained

17. Our research

18. Aim Investigate the vaccination protocols and the punctuality of their effectuation Common reasons that are making parents skeptical

19. Matherial and method Prospective study The patient material of the “Dr. Constantin Martha Maria” private practice September 2013 to March 2014 Data of 45 children processed

20. Matherial and method We analyzed the effectuation and the punctuality of the obligatory vaccinations due between the first 2-12 months If there were cases where the parents declined the vaccination, we inquired the motives of their refusal

21. Results

23. Misconceptions? 5 parents refused the vaccination 3 of the cases they feared the risk of complications from vaccines more than the complications from infections In one of the two remaining families they were skeptical about the effectiveness of the vaccines In the last case the parents refused to vaccinate the infants because they feared toxic ingredients

24. Delays? In several cases there was a delay in the effectuation of the vaccine Most of the times parents lacked proper knowledge and information Raise awareness

25. Informative material to parents

27. Conclusions Parents- suspicious Vaccines- greatest tools in the public health arsenal They offer the promise of protection against a variety of infectious diseases and they should be administered at the designated time

28. Thank You for Your attention!