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Published byStephany Peters Modified over 9 years ago
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Nutrition Through the Life Cycle Infant Nutrition
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Caloric Needs Birth–3 months –102 kcals/kg 4-6 months –82 kcals/kg 7-12 months –80 kcals/kg 13-35 months –82 kcal/kg
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Breastfeeding The preferred feeding for all infants. –The American Academy of Pediatrics Many benefits
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Benefits of Breastfeeding Optimal amounts of protein, carbohydrate, and fat Protection against infection and allergies Low risk of contamination Reduced incidence of: diarrhea, ear infections and necrotizing enterocolitis, etc. Increased bonding between mother and infant Earlier return to pre-pregnancy weight
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Rates of Breastfeeding in the U.S. In 2007 –74% of mothers initiated breastfeeding –42% continued to 6 months In 2001 –69.5% of mothers initiated breastfeeding –32% continued to 6 months
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Rates of Breastfeeding in the U.S. Lower rates among: –Less educated individuals –Single, young, or employed –African American & Hispanic populations
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The Healthy People 2010 Goals Achieve initiation rates of 75% Rates of breastfeeding at 6 months of 50% Rates of breastfeeding at 12 months of 25%
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Formulas Appropriate substitute for feeding Available in 3 forms: –Ready to feed –Concentrated liquid –Powder
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Formulas Cont. Standard Cow Milk based Soy Protein hydrolysate Amino Acid based Follow-up formulas Cow milk
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Transition to Solid Foods Start with rice cereal Then vegetables & fruits Introduce only one new food at a time Wean from breast or bottle around 1 year old
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Introduction of Solids
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Transition to Table Foods From 12 to 24 months old –Increase variety of table foods –Increase texture of foods ( from puree to chunky to small pieces)
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Feeding 12–24 months Milk and Milk Products 4 servings Meat and Protein Foods 2 servings Breads, Cereals and Starches 4 or more servings Fruits and Vegetable 4 or more servings Fats and Oils 3 servings 4-6 ounces whole milk and milk products ½ -1 ounce meat or egg ¼ cup legumes ½ - 1 slice bread, ¼ - ½ cup cereal, rice or pasta 3 ounces juice (limit to one serving) and 1-2 tablespoons fruits and vegetables Do not limit
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Foods to Avoid Peanut butter, shell fish, and honey Chocking hazards: nuts, raw carrots, popcorn, round candy, hot dogs and grapes
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Growth By 1 year: –Birth wt. triples –Length increases 50% Monitored closely Growth charts –Boys/Girls Birth-36 month –Boys/Girls 2-20 years –Syndrome specific
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"To eat is a necessity, but to eat intelligently is an art." - La Rochefoucauld This material was funded by USDA’s Food Stamp Program through the California Department of Public Health’s Network for a Healthy California. These institutions are equal opportunity providers and employers. The Food Stamp Program provides nutrition assistance to people with low income. It can help buy nutritious foods for a better diet. For information on the Food Stamp Program, call 1-888-328-3483.
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