2. Set #9 Root Words – cont.

3. carn,-i,-o carnivore, carnage flesh

4. cephal,-i,-o anencephaly, cephalopod head

5. Anencephaly is a cephalic disorder that results from a neural tube defect that occurs when the cephalic (head) end of the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23rd and 26th day of pregnancy, resulting in the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp. Infants with this disorder are born without a forebrain, the largest part of the brain consisting mainly of the cerebral hemispheres (which include the isocortex, which is responsible for higher level cognition, i.e., thinking). The remaining brain tissue is often exposed - not covered by bone or skin.cephalic disorder neural tube defect pregnancyscalp Infantsforebrain cerebral hemispheresisocortex cognition Infants born with anencephaly are usually blind, deaf, unconscious, and unable to feel pain. blinddeaf unconsciouspain Some with anencephaly live a few hours or days but not much longer.

6. Oxygenated water is taken into the mantle cavity to the gills and through muscular contraction of this cavity, the spent water is expelled through the hyponome, created by a fold in the mantle. Motion of the cephalopods is usually backward as water is forced out anteriorly through the hyponome,mantle cavitygills hyponome They move by squirting water through a siphon, a type of jet propulsion. Cephalopods (meaning "head foot") are mollusks with tentacles and a large head.mollusks

7. The hyponome is the organ used by cephalopods for locomotion. It is a muscular funnel or siphon into which water is drawn. The hyponome expands and then contracts, sending a jet of water rushing out. This jet propels the cephalopod backward, but it can control its direction of movement by pointing the hyponome in different directions. cephalopods

8. chole- cholangitis bile cholangitis inflammation of the bile ducts Diarrhea Itching Fatigue Jaundice Episodes of fever and chills Vomiting blood Passing black or very dark stools Swollen abdomen or feet Abdominal pain Weight loss The components of bile: Water Cholesterol LecithinLecithin (a phospholipid) phospholipid Bile pigments (bilirubin & biliverdin)bilirubin biliverdin Bile salts Bile - aids the process of digestion.digestion

9. chondr,-i,-o chondroitin, chondrichthyes cartilage

10. Chondro + Ichthyes = "cartilage fish" Basic structure chondrocranium - cartilaginous braincase cartilaginous endoskeleton adaptation for weight reduction Class Chondrichthyes sC Elasmobranchii O Squaliformes - modern sharks O Rajiformes - skates & rays Chondrichthyesmodern sharksskates & rays

11. chrom,-at,-ato,-o chromatophore, kodachrome color

14. coel,-o coelom hollow usually refers to the space, located between an animal’s outer covering (epidermis) and the outer lining of the gut cavity, where internal organs develop.animalepidermis allows organs to be attached to each other so that they can be suspended in a particular order while still being able to move freely within the cavity

15. crani,-o cranium skull

16. cuti cuticle, subcutaneous skin

18. cyst,-i,-o cyst, cystoscopy, cystitis Bag, sac, bladder

19. Definition Cystitis is an infection of the bladder. The bladder is the part of the urinary tract that collects the urine from the kidneys. Before Laparoscopic Cyst Removal After Laparoscopic Cyst Removal

20. cyt,-e,-o melanocyte cell Melanocytes are cells located in the bottom layer of the skin's epidermis and in the middle layer of the eye, the uvea.cells epidermisuvea