1. Nanotechnology: Applications, Impacts, Challenges, and Trends Joe Kostkowski Dan McDonald April 29, 2005

2. Applications and Impacts

3. Applications and Impacts Energy energy efficiency and supply provide food and water worldwide dwindling fossil-fuel reserves solar power Batteries nanotube technology

4. Applications and Impacts Environment and Health environmental protection source reduction manufacturing process raw materials “As we enter the 21st century, nanotechnology will have a major impact on the health, wealth and security of the world’s people that will be at least as significant in this century as antibiotics, the integrated circuit, and man-made polymers.” -Interagency Working Group on Nanoscience, Engineering and Technology Report (1999)

5. Applications and Impacts Defense Smart Uniforms Self-contained computer network Lighter, more durable body armor “nanomuscle fibers” to enhance a soldier’s strength Nanomaterials in weapons Nanotechnology-based information systems

6. Applications and Impacts Aerospace Size, weight, and power consumption are all critical factors Nanoelectronics Batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells

7. Applications and Impacts Electronics Industry Current lithography techniques have limitations Molecular electronics

8. Applications and Impacts SNAP Superlattice Nanowire Pattern Transfer Reliably creates small features cheaper than E-beam lithography

9. Trends

10. Trends Energy, Environment and Health renewable energies - Consumption, Dependence Liability – Trust, “wow to yuck” trajectory

11. Trends Automotive Industry Trends in safety and efficiency Nanomaterials in catalytic converters Fuel additives to increase fuel efficiency Lightweight materials

12. Trends Intellectual Property Rights Rapidly increasing number of patents containing “nano” Patent Office must protect intellectual property rights with- out stifling creativity

13. Challenges

14. Challenges Energy Research to consumers demand Clear schedule dot-com explosion Biotechnology Military Battery packs

15. Challenges Electronics Will nanowires or carbon nanotubes appear in next-generation transistors? CNTs Good performance High carrier mobility Nanowires Can be doped for specific applications

16. Challenges Environment and Health flow of nanoparticles into the environment quantum dots Bioaccumulation exposure to nanopollution inhalation, dermal, eye, and oral Examples Titanium Dioxide, Carbon Black, and Diesel particles Societal Activities transportation, urban development and information management

17. Challenges Ethical Issues Will nanotechnology live up to the hype? “Grey goo” theory Ill-defined boundaries of nanotechnology will make regulation difficult

18. Questions?