1. Midterm Review

2. Objective SWBAT to make connections to material from Unit 1 – Unit 5.

3. What did we cover so far? Unit 1: 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 2.6, 3.1 – 3.4, 1.6, 3.6 Unit 2: 9.1 – 9.6 Unit 3: 3.5, 4.1 - 4.3, 4.5, 4.6, 5.1, 5.4 Unit 4: 6.1 - 6.9 Unit 5: 7.1 - 7.5

4. Unit 1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.6 3.1 – 3.4 1.6 3.6

5. 1.2 Points, Lines, and Planes A point indicates a location and has no size. A line is represented by a straight path that extends in two opposite directions without end and has no thickness. A plane is represented by a flat surface that extends without end and has no thickness. Points that lie on the same line are collinear points. Points and lines in the same plane are coplanar. Segments and rays are part of lines.

6. 1.2 Example Name all the segments and rays in the figure. ABC D

7. 1.2 Example Name all the segments and rays in the figure. Segments: AB, AC, BC, and BD Rays: BA, CA, CB, AC, AB, BC, and BD ABC D

8. 1.3 Measuring Segments The distance between two points is the length of the segment connecting those points. Segments with the same length are congruent segments. A midpoint of a segment divides the segment into two congruent segments.

9. 1.4 Measuring Angles Two rays with the same endpoint form an angle. The endpoint is the vertex of the angle. You can classify angles as acute, right, obtuse, or straight. Angles with the same measure are congruent angles.

10. 1-4 Example If m<AOB = 47 and m<BOC = 73 find m<AOC m<AOC = m<AOB + m<BOC = 47+73 =120 A O B C

11. 1.5 Exploring Angle Pairs Some pairs of angles have special names. Adjacent angles: coplanar angles with a common side, a common vertex, and no common interior points. Vertical angles: sides are opposite rays Complementary angles: measures have a sum of 90 Supplementary angles: measures have a sum of 180 Linear Pairs: adjacent angles with non common sides as opposite rays. Angles of a linear pair are supplementary.

12. 2.6 Proving Angles Congruent A statement that you prove true is a theorem. A proof written as a paragraph is a paragraph proof. In geometry, each statement in a proof is justified by given information, a property, postulate, definition, or theorem.

13. 2.6 Example Write a paragraph proof. Given <1≈<4. Prove <2≈<3 1 2 3 4

14. 2.6 Example Write a paragraph proof. Given <1≈<4. Prove <2≈<3 <1≈<4 because it is given. <1≈<2 because vertical angles are congruent. <4 ≈ <2 by the Transitive Property of Congruence. <4≈<3 because vertical angles are congruent. <2 ≈ <3 by the Transitive Property of Congruence. 1 2 3 4

15. 3.1 Lines and Angles A transversal is a line that intersects two or more coplanar lines a distinct points.

16. 3.2 Properties of Parallel Lines If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then Corresponding angles, alternate interior angles, and alternate exterior angles are congruent. Same-side interior angles are supplementary

17. 3.2 Properties of Parallel Lines Which other angles measure 110? <6 (corresponding angles) <3 (alternate interior angles) <8 (vertical angles)

18. 3.3 Proving Lines Parallel If two lines and a transversal form Congruent corresponding angles Congruent alternate interior angles Congruent alternate exterior angles, or Supplementary same-side interior angles, then the two lines are parallel.

19. 3.3 Proving Lines Parallel What is the value of x for which l || m ? The given angles are alternate interior angles. So l || m if the given angles are congruent. 2x = 106 x = 53

20. 3.4 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines Two lines || to the same line are || to each other. In a plane, two lines _l_ to the same line are ||. In a plane, if one line is _l_ to one of two || lines, then it is _l_ to both || lines

21. 3.4 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines What are the pairs of parallel and perpendicular lines in the diagram?

22. 1.6 Basic Constructions Construction is the process of making geometric figures using a compass and a straightedge. Four basic constructions involve congruent segments, congruent angles, and bisectors of segments and angles.

23. 3.6 Constructing Parallel and Perpendicular Lines You can use a compass and a straight edge to construct A line parallel to a given line through a point not on the line A line perpendicular to given line through a point on the line, or through a point not on the line

24. Unit 2 Sections Covered were: 9.1 - 9.6

25. 9.1 Translation A transformation of a geometric figure is a change in its position, shape or size. An isometry is a transformation in which the preimage and the image are congruent. A translation is an isometry that maps all points of a figure the same distance in the same direction. In a composition of transformations, each transformation is performed on the image of the preceding transformation.

26. 9.1 Translation What are the coordinates of the image of A(5,-9) for the translation (x,y)  (x-2, y+3) ? Substitute 5 for x and -9 for y in the rule. A(5,-9)  (5 -2, -9+3), or A’(3,-6)

27. 9.2 and 9.3 Reflections and Rotations The diagram shows a reflection across line r. A reflection is an isometry in which a figure and its image have opposite orientations.

28. 9.2 and 9.3 Reflections and Rotations The diagram shows a rotation of x⁰ about point R. A rotation is an isometry in which a figure and its image have the same orientation.

29. 9.2 and 9.3 Reflections and Rotations Use points P(1,0), Q(3,-2), and R(4,0). What is the image of PQR reflected across the y- axis?

30. 9.2 and 9.3 Reflections and Rotations Graph PQR. Find P’, Q’, and R’ such that the y- axis is the perpendicular bisector of PP’, QQ’, and RR’. Draw P’Q’R’.

31. 9.4 Symmetry A figure has reflection symmetry or line symmetry if there is a reflection for which it is its own image. A figure that has rotational symmetry is its own image for some rotation of 180˚ or less. A figure that has point symmetry has 180˚ rotational symmetry.

32. 9.4 Symmetry How many lines of symmetry does an equilateral triangle have? An equilateral triangle reflects onto itself across each of its three medians. The triangle has three lines of symmetry.

33. 9.5 Dilations The diagram shows a dilation with center C and scale factor n. The preimage and image are similar. In the coordinate plane, if the origin is the center of dilation with scale factor n, the P(x,y)  P’(nx, ny).

34. 9.5 Dilations The blue figure is a dilation image of the black figure. The center of dilation is A. Is the dilation an enlargement or reduction? What is the scale factor? The image is smaller than the preimage, so the dilation is a reduction. The scale factor is: image length = 2 = 2, or 1/3 original length 2 + 4 6

35. 9.6 Compositions of Reflections The diagram shoes a glide reflection of N. A glide reflection is an isometry in which a figure and its image have opposite orientations. There are exactly four isometries: translation, reflection, rotation, and glide reflection. Every isometry can be expressed as a composition of reflections.

36. 9.6 Compositions of Reflections Describe the result of reflecting P first across line l and then across line m. A composition of two reflections across intersecting lines is a rotation. The angle of rotation is twice the measure of the acute angle formed by the intersecting lines. P is rotated 100˚ about C.

37. Home Work Review Unit 3 – Unit 5 Content for Part 2 Review What you do not finish for Class Work

38. Class Work 1.5 pg. 21 1-7 1.7 pg. 29 1 -8 2.6 pg. 57 1 – 7 3.1 pg. 61 1 – 8 3.2 pg. 65 1 – 7 9.1 pg. 225 1 – 5 9.2 pg. 229 1-6 9.6 pg. 245 1-6

39. Unit 3 The Sections Covered were: 3.5 4.1 – 4.3 4.5 4.6 5.1 5.4

40. 3.5 Parallel Lines and Triangles The sum of the measures of the angles of triangle is 180. The measure of each exterior angle of a triangle equals the sum of the measures of its two remote interior angles.

41. 3.5 Parallel Lines and Triangles What are the values of x and y? x + 50 = 125 Exterior Angle Theorem x = 75Simplify x + y + 50 = 180Triangle Angle Sum Thm 75 + y + 50 = 180Substitute 75 for x. y = 55Simplify

42. 4.1 Congruent Figures Congruent polygons have congruent corresponding parts. When you name congruent polygons, always list corresponding vertices in the same order.

43. 4.1 Congruent Figures HIJK ≈ PQRS. Write all possible congruence statements. The order of the parts in the congruence statement tells you which parts corresponds. Sides: HI ≈ PQ, IJ≈QR, JK≈RS, KH≈SP Angles: <H≈<P, <I≈<Q, <J≈<R, <K≈<S

44. 4.2 and 4.3 Triangle Congruence by SSS, SAS, ASA, and AAS You can prove triangles congruent with limited information about their congruent sides and angles. Postulate or TheoremYou need Side-Side-Side(SSS)Three sides Side-Angle-Side(SAS)Two sides and an included angle Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)Two angles and an included side Angle-Angle-Side (AAS)Two angles and a nonincluded side

45. 4.2 and 4.3 Triangle Congruence by SSS, SAS, ASA, and AAS What postulate would you use to prove the triangles congruent? You know that three sides are congruent. Use SSS.

46. 4.5 Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite those sides are also congruent by the Isosceles Triangle Theorem. If two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the sides opposite the angle are congruent by the Converse of the Isosceles Triangle Theorem Equilateral triangles are also equiangular.

47. 4.5 Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles What is the m<G? Since EF ≈ EG, <F≈<G by the Isosceles Triangle Theorem. So m<G = 30.

48. 4.6 Congruence in Right Triangles If the hypotenuse and a leg of one right triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and a leg of another right triangle, then the triangle are congruent by the Hypotenuse-Leg (HL) Theorem.

49. 4.6 Congruence in Right Triangles Which two triangles are congruent? Explain. Since triangle ABC and triangle XYZ are right triangles with congruent legs, and BC ≈ YZ, triangle ABC ≈ triangle XYZ by HL

50. 5.1 Midsegments of Triangles A midsegment of a triangle is a segment that connects the midpoints of two sides. A midsegment is parallel to the third side and is half as long.

51. 5.1 Midsegments of Triangles Find the value of x DE is a midsegment because D and E are midpoints. DE = ½ BCMidsegment Thm 2x = ½ (x + 12)Substitute 4x = x + 12Simplify 3x = 12Subtract x from each side x = 4Divide each side by 3

52. 5.4 Medians and Altitudes A median of a triangle is a segment from a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side. An altitude of a triangle is a perpendicular segment from a vertex to the line containing the opposite side. The point of concurrency of the medians of a triangle is the centroid of the triangle. The centroid is two thirds the distance from each vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side. The point of concurrency of the altitudes of a triangle is the orthocenter of the triangle.

53. 5.4 Medians and Altitudes If PB = 6, what is SB? S is the centroid because AQ and CR are medians. So, SB = 2/3 PB = 2/3(6) = 4

54. Unit 4 The Sections Covered in Unit 4 were: 6.1-6.9

55. 6.1 The Polygon Angle-Sum The sum of the measures of the interior angles of an n-gon is (n-2)180. n The sum of the measure of the exterior angles of a polygon, one at each, is 360.

56. 6.1 The Polygon Angle-Sum Example: Find the measure of an interior angle of a regular 20- gon. Measure = (n-2)180 Corollary to Polygon n Angle-Sum Thm. = (20-2)180 Substitute 20 = 18 ∙ 180 20 = 162 The measure of an interior angle is 162.

57. 6.2 Properties of Parallelograms Opposite sides and opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent. Consecutive angles in a parallelogram are supplementary. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. If three (or more) parallelogram cut off congruent segments on one transversal, then they cut off congruent segments on every transversal.

58. 6.2 Properties of Parallelograms Find the measures of the numbered angles in the parallelogram. Since consecutive angles are supplementary, m<1 = 180 – 56 or 124. Since opposite angles are congruent, m<2 = 56 and m<3 =124

59. 6.3 Proving That a Quadrilateral is a Parallelogram A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if any one of the following is true Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel Both pairs of opposite sides are congruent Consecutive angles are supplementary Both pairs of opposite angles are congruent The diagonals bisect each other One pair of opposite sides is both congruent and parallel

60. 6.3 Proving That a Quadrilateral is a Parallelogram Must the quadrilateral be a parallelogram? Yes, both pairs of opposite angles are congruent.

61. 6.4 Properties of Rhombuses, Rectangles, and Squares A rhombus is a parallelogram with four congruent sides. A rectangle is a parallelogram with four right angles. A square is a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four right angles. The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular. Each diagonal bisects a pair of opposite angles. The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.

62. 6.4 Properties of Rhombuses, Rectangles, and Squares What are the measures of the numbered angles in the rhombus? m<1 = 60Each diagonal of rhombus bisects a pair of opp. sides m<2= 90The diagonals of a rhombus are perpend. 60 + m<2 + m<3= 180 Triangle angle sum thm. 60 + 90 + m<3 = 180Substitute m<3 = 30Simplify

63. 6.5 Conditions for Rhombuses, Rectangles, and Squares If one diagonal of a parallelogram bisects two angles of the parallelogram is a rhombus. If the diagonals of a parallelogram are congruent, then the parallelogram is a rectangle.

64. 6.5 Conditions for Rhombuses, Rectangles, and Squares Can you conclude that the parallelogram is a rhombus, rectangle, or square? Explain. Yes, the diagonals are perpendicular, so the parallelogram is a rhombus.

65. 6.6 Trapezoids and Kites The parallel sides of a trapezoid are its bases and the nonparallel sides are its legs. Two angles that share a base of a trapezoid are base angles of the trapezoid. The midsegment of a trapezoid joins the midpoints of its legs. The base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent. The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent. The diagonals of a kite are perpendicular.

66. 6.7 Polygons in the Coordinate Plane To determine whether sides or diagonals are congruent, use the Distance Formula. To determine the coordinate of the midpoint of a side, or whether the diagonals bisect each other, use the Midpoint Formula. To determine whether opposite sides are parallel, or whether diagonals or sides are perpendicular, use the Slope Formula.

67. 6.7 Polygons in the Coordinate Plane

68. 6.8 and 6.9 Coordinate Geometry and Coordinate Proofs When placing a figure in the coordinate plane, it is usually helpful to place at least one side on an axis. Use variables when naming the coordinates of a figure in order to show that relationships are true for a general case.

69. 6.8 and 6.9 Coordinate Geometry and Coordinate Proofs Rectangle PQRS has length a and with 4b. The x-axis bisects PS and QR. What are the coordinates of the vertices. Since the width of PQRS is 4b and the x-axis bisects PS and QR, all the vertices are 2b units from the x-axis. PS is on the y-axis, so P = (0,2b) and S = (0,- 2b). The length of PQRS is a, so Q = (a,2b) and R = (a,-2b).

70. Unit 5 The sections covered in Unit 5 were: 7.1-7.5

71. 7.1 Ratios and Proportions A ratio is a comparison of two quantities by division. A proportion is a statement that two ratios are equal. The Cross Product Property states that if where b≠0 and d≠0, then ad=bc.

72. 7.1 Ratios and Proportions What is the solution of 6x =4(x+3)Cross Product Property 6x = 4x + 12Distributive Property 2x = 12Subtract 4x x = 6Divide each side by 2

73. 7.2 and 7.3 Similar Polygons and Proving Triangles Similar Similar polygons have congruent corresponding angles and proportional corresponding sides. You can prove triangles similar with limited information about congruent corresponding angles and proportional corresponding sides. Postulate or TheoremWhat you need Angle-Angle (AA~)two pairs angles Side-Angle-Side(SAS~)two pairs of proportional sides and the included angles are Side-Side-Side(SSS~)three pairs of proportional sides

74. 7.2 and 7.3 Similar Polygons and Proving Triangles Similar Is similar to ? How do you know?

75. 7.4 Similarity in Right Triangles CD is the altitude to the hypotenuse of right

76. 7.4 Similarity in Right Triangles What is the value of x?

77. 7.5 Proportions in Triangles Side-Splitter Theorem and Corollary If a line parallel to one side of a triangle intersects the other two sides, then it divides those sides proportionally. If three parallel lines intersect two transversal, then the segments intercepted on the transversals are proportional. Triangle-Angle-Bisector Theorem If a ray bisects an angle of a triangle, then it divides the opposite side into two segments that are proportional to the other two sides of the triangle.

78. 7.5 Proportions in Triangles What is the value of x?

79. Home Work Study for MID-TERM Class Work Problems if you did not finish.

80. Class Work 3.5 pg. 77 1 – 5 4.2 pg. 97 1 – 5 4.3 pg. 101 1 – 5 5.4 pg. 133 1 – 6 6.2 pg. 149 1 – 5 6.3 pg. 157 1 – 5 7.1 pg. 185 1 – 5 7.3 pg. 193 1 – 4 7.4 pg. 197 1 - 6