1. The parts of a computer KeyboardMouse Speakers Disk drive Visual display unit/VDU/Monitor Central processing unit (CPU) Hard disk (Backing store) Microphone

2. Hardware & Software Hardware Physical Component of a Computer We can touch these parts Allow user to enter data and information into computer and retrieve Can not perform any task without Software If problem occur in hardware then it will repaired. Software Logical Component of a Computer We can not touch These are in form of instructions that tell the computer that what to do It can not executed without hardware. If any problem in software then it will reinstall.

3. Hardware The motherboard is the main electronic component of the computer Circuit board Circuit board The microprocessor is one of the most important pieces of processing hardware on the motherboard Cards are removable circuit boards

4. Computer components Logical units of a computer Input unit Input unit Output unit Output unit Memory unit Memory unit Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) Central processing unit (CPU) Central processing unit (CPU) Secondary storage unit Secondary storage unit

5. The Central Processing Unit Central Processing Unit Backing store Output devices Input devices Immediate access store Control unit Arithmetic & logic unit Data signals Control signals

6. Working Input Unit CPU Unit Ram / Rom ALU & Logical Unit Control Unit Output Unit Storage Devices

7. Input & Output The data or instructions you type into the computer are called input The result of the computer processing your input is referred to as output Peripheral devices accomplish input and output functions

8. Input Device You use an input device, such as a keyboard or a mouse, to input data and issue commands Keyboard KeyboardErgonomic Pointing device Pointing device Controls the pointer Mouse Scroll wheel Scroll wheelTrackball Touch pad Pointing stick Scanner Scanner

9. Output Devices Output devices show you the results of processing data Monitor Monitor Flat panel LCDCRT Printer PrinterLaserInkjet Dot matrix

10. Memory Units Random Access Memory ( RAM ) Read Only Memory ( ROM )

11. Backing Storage Which consists of the disk drivers used to store data when the power is switched off. Magnetic media Hard disk Hard disk Tape Tape Floppy disk Floppy disk Optical storage device CD CD DVD DVD CD-R CD-R CD-RW CD-RW CD-ROM CD-ROM

12. Brain of Computer Central Processing Unit CPU Control Unit Arithmetic Unit Logical unit

13. Control Unit Responsible for coordinating the input and output Devices.

14. Arithmetic In which all the calculations are Involve. AdditionSubtractionMultiplicationsDivisionsModulus

15. Logical unit It contains the logical decisions And operations Or Operations Not operations

16. Why use Computer? Advantages Computers are extremely fast Computers are very accurate Computers can keep large amount of information in a small space Computers can work continuously for 24 hours a day. Computers can do some jobs that would be impossible without them.

17. Drawbacks Computers can replace people Computers holds personal information which may be misused. Problems arise when computers cannot be used. Staff need to be trained

18. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Signal That pass between the main processor and the other hardware. Control Signal : include signals sent out by the main processor and the other hardware. include signals sent out by the main processor and the other hardware. Data Signals: These are the groups of binary digits that are used to represent characters. These are the groups of binary digits that are used to represent characters.

19. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Types of computers by Size Micro computers Mainframe Computers Super Computers Mini Computers Embedded Computers

20. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Micro Computers Are the computers that you are most likely to encounter at home or in school and colleges. It consist of one or more input device,output device, memory and processor. ExamplesPCsApples

21. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Types of Micro Computers Desktop Computers Laptop and notebook Computers Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) Palmtop Computers

22. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Mainframe computers Thousands of terminals attached to it. Larger mainframe computers carry out 250 million instructions per second. It Consist of multiple processors. Used large organizations such as banks, insurance companies, airlines and government department. Disadvantage: Due to immense power they produce large amount of heat so its require air conditioned.

23. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Examples IBM43810NEC610 DEC 10 etc

24. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Supercomputers Largest category of computer, costing millions of pounds. It is complex,large storage and advanced computers. They are mostly used by scientific and industrial research departments.

25. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Uses NASA Weather centre Stock Exchange Weapon design Mapping the surface of planets. Studying the neural network of brain Preparing models of chemical systems.

26. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Examples CRAY-XPETA-10 Blue sky ASCI White

27. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Mini computers Have a size, power and cost somewhere between those of microcomputers and mainframes. It is much powerful then some of the mainframes still in use. It is used by business institutes and departments.

28. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Examples Vax-8800MV-1500

29. Embedded Computers or Microprocessors Is a single chip that perform the functions of a central processing unit Many microprocessors makes are Microcontrollers also called embedded. Embedded computers serve as the brain of a larger piece of machine. Their software is stored in the computer’s own. They serve as a personal computer but not have a monitor, keyboard and mouse

30. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Uses Microwaves programmable ovens Blood pressure monitors Air bag sensors Washing machines Video recorders Alarms Digital cameras MP3 players Car engine Controllers

31. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Types of Computer by shape Types AnalogDigitalHybrid

32. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Analog computers It provides continuous value It represents physical quantities in the form of waves It has no state It has low memory It is difficult to use It is used in engineering and science

33. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Examples Thermometer Analog Clocks Speed of the car Petrol Stations

34. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Digital computers It provides us discrete values It represent physical values with help of symbols or numbers It has two states ON and OFF It has big memory These are easy to use It is used in all field of life

35. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Examples Digital clocks Calculators Laptop computers Score board

36. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Hybrid Computers These are combination of analog and digital computers Some part of processing is done in digital and some part is done in analog. The measurement may then be converted into numbers and display in digital form.

37. mazharjaved2001@yahoo.com(0333- 4461420) Examples Patient Heart function Temperature Blood pressure