1. Low Incidence Caitlin Etherton

2. Disabilities http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=uhKMouRaWcYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch? v=uhKMouRaWcY

3. Definition Definition from IDEA 2004 The term ‘low incidence disability' means-- (A) (A) a visual or hearing impairment, or simultaneous visual and hearing impairments; (B) (B) a significant cognitive impairment; or (C) (C) any impairment for which a small number of personnel with highly specialized skills and knowledge are needed in order for children with that impairment to receive early intervention services or a free appropriate public education.

4. Overview Vision Impairments Hearing Impairments Serious Physical Impairment Complex Heath Issues Significant developmental delay Autistic Spectrum Disorders Emotional disorders

5. Prevelance Type of Disability 2006-2007 All disabilities13.6% Mental retardation1.1% Emotional disturbance0.9% Hearing impairments0.2% Orthopedic impairments0.1% Other health impairments 1 1.2% Visual impairments0.1% Multiple disabilities0.3% Deaf-blindness# Autism0.5% Traumatic brain injury0.1% Developmental delay0.7

6. Vision Impairments http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=v9CawJSUy2chttp://www.youtube.com/watch? v=v9CawJSUy2c

7. Vision Impairments “Visual impairment including blindness means an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes both partial sight and blindness.” IDEA 2007

8. Vision Impairments Etiology –Cataract –Uncorrected refractive errors –Glaucoma –Age related macular degeneration –Diseases –Diabetes –Vitamin A deficiency http://www.lightho use.org/medical/e ye-disorders/http://www.lightho use.org/medical/e ye-disorders/

9. Vision Impairments Diagnosis –Ophthalmologist Visual acuity test Visual field test Tonometry test Treatment –Corrective lens –Surgery –Seeing eye dog/ braille Lighthouse.org

10. Vision Impairments Teachers can better help by: Providing special materials like large-print books, software that converts printed material into speech or Braille, special calculators, three-dimensional charts/maps/models Consistency in room arrangement Buddy system for fire drills and other emergencies Woolfolk, A. (2007)

11. Hearing Impairments “Deafness means a hearing impairment that is so sever that a child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.” “Hearing impairment means an impairment in hearing, whether permanent or fluctuating, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance but that is not included under the definition of deafness.” IDEA 2007

12. Hearing Impairments Diagnosis –Audiologist Tests inner ear Be cognizant if you feel people are mumbling or not speaking loud enough Treatment –Removal of wax –Surgery on eardrum –Hearing aids Cochlear implants for sever cases –American Sign Language Kidshealth.org

13. Hearing Impairments –Signs to look for are turning one ear towards speaker, seeming distracted/confused, mispronouncing words, reluctant to participate. –Oral Approach vs. Manual Approach Oral: speech reading aka lip reading Manual: sign language and finger spelling Best to use combination Woolfolk,A. (2007)

14. Significant Developmental Delays According to IDEA 2007, “ Mental retardation means significantly sub- average general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.”

15. Complex Heath Issues According to IDEA 2007, “Orthopedic impairment means a sever orthopedic impairment that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes impairments caused by congenital anomaly, impairments caused by disease, and impairments from other causes.”

17. Sarah Sarah is a three-year-old child. She can speak well, sing a song, draw a picture of a cat, and eat by herself. But she cannot yet walk, and moves around the house crawling. Her parents report that she was slow in holding her head up and sitting, compared to their other children. Her lower limbs are stiff and cross over like scissors when she lies down. What is Sarah diagnosed with? World Health Organization

18. Complex Heath Issues Diagnosis Cerebral Palsy: –Test motor skills –Look for abnormal muscle tone –CT,MRI Spina Bifida: –Prenatal – Alpha Fetoprotein Test –Postnatal-MRI Treatment –No cure; on going surgeries –Medication –Physical, speech, sensory therapy –Surgery, drug therapy –Braces, crutches, wheelchairs Ucsfchildrenhospital.org

19. Autism Spectrum Disorders IDEA 2007 “A developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age 3, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. Other characteristics often associated with autism are engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movements, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines, and unusual responses to sensory experiences. The term does not apply if a child’s educational performance is adversely affected primarily because the child has an emotional disturbance, as defined in paragraph (b)(4) of this section. “

21. Autism Spectrum Disorders Asperger Syndrome: comparable to Autism but without severe language deficits If you want to learn more about Asperger’s: Read Born on a Blue Day by Daniel Tammet –Daniel Tammet at Late Show with David Letterman (27.04.2005) – VideoDaniel Tammet at Late Show with David Letterman (27.04.2005) – Video

22. Transition into Adulthood Generally with Vision, Hearing, and Physical Impairments; Developmental Delays; and other Complex Health Issues it all depends on how severe and how the child is able to cope, communicate, and be independent.

23. Recourses Centers for disease Control and Prevention. (2009). What is traumatic brain injury?. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/tbi/TBI.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/tbi/TBI.htm Epilepsy foundation. (2009). Understanding epilepsy. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/about/types/causes/index.cfm http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/about/types/causes/index.cfm Fighting Autism. (2009). Home page. Retrieved October 22, 2009 from http://www.fightingautism.org/idea/autism.php?s=FL http://www.fightingautism.org/idea/autism.php?s=FL Jackson, R. (2005). Curriculum access for students with low-incidence disabilities: the promise of universal design for learning. Wakefield, MA: National Center on Accessing the General Curriculum. Retrieved from http://www.cast.org/publications/ncac/ncac_lowinc.html http://www.cast.org/publications/ncac/ncac_lowinc.html Lighthouse International. (2009). Eye disorders. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://www.lighthouse.org/medical/eye-disorders/ Morlet, Thierry. (2009). Hearing impairments. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/sight/hearing_impairment.html# http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/sight/hearing_impairment.html# University of California San Francisco Children’s Hospital. (2009). Spina bifida diagnosis. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://www.ucsfchildrenshospital.org/conditions/spina_bifida/diagnosis.htmlhttp://www.ucsfchildrenshospital.org/conditions/spina_bifida/diagnosis.html U.S. Department of Education. (2009). Building the legacy: IDEA 2004. retrieved October 22, 2009 from http://idea.ed.gov/explore/view/p/,root,statute,I,D,662, http://idea.ed.gov/explore/view/p/,root,statute,I,D,662 Woolfolk, A. (2007). Educational psychology. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. World Health Organization. (2009). Epilepsy. retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs999/en/index.html http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs999/en/index.html Word search generator for assessment came from : http://tools.atozteacherstuff.com/word-search- maker/wordsearch.php

24. ASSESSMENT 1.Circle/write down 9 words found in the word search. (no word bank so you have to know low-incidence related topics to find the words; all are from this presentation though) Can scan to turn it, or just type up the 9 words found in the word search to submit. Word search will be on wiki spaces. HAVE A WONDERFUL HALLOWEEN!