1. Ms. Jerome

3.  Without the Nile, Egypt would be a baron desert.  Its waters flooded annually  It soaked the land with life-giving water and deposited a layer of rich silt (fine clay, carried by running water, saturated with nutrients)  Flooding was PREDICTABLE!  The Nile flows south to north!  Why is this very significant for the development of Egypt?

4.  Ancient Egypt had 2 distinct regions, Upper (the South) and Lower Egypt (the North).  They were divided at the first cataract (waterfall)

6. DELTA

8.  King Menes: credited with unifying upper and lower Egypt at about 3100 b.c.e.  Built a central government  Ruled by the pharaoh – Menes being the first  A pharaoh is a god living on earth  Egypt operated under the rule of a pharaoh and his bureaucracy—system of gov’t that includes departments and levels of authority.  As in Mesopotamia—most Egyptians were peasants, or poor farmers

11.  Old  2575-2130  Declined due to crop failures, power struggles and competing groups around Egypt  After a century of disunity, the new pharaohs reunited the land, ushering in a new era known as the Middle Kingdom  Middle  1938—1630  Era of great turbulence0  Much corruption and rebellion  Nile Delta became under temporary rule of foreign invaders known as Hyksos – horse drawn war chariots were dominant (later adopted by Egyptians)  New  1539-1075  After more than 100 years of Hyksos rule, new Egyptian leaders arose and established the New Kingdom

12.  Began during the Old Kingdom (2660-2160 b.c.e.)  Tombs and shrines to pharaohs

13.  Hatshepsut: the first female ruler 1472 b.c.e. to 1458 b.c.e. Established trade in the Mediterranean lands  Thutmose III took over as pharaoh (stepson). A great military general Thutmose III expanded the empire to its greatest reaches  Ramses II ruled for 66 years form 1279 to 1213.

15.  After 1100 b.c.e. Egyptian power slowly declined  Invaders such as Assyrians and Persians conquered the Nile region  In 332 b.c.e. the Egyptian dynasty ended as the Greeks took control  In 30 b.c.e. Roman armies displaced the Greeks

16.  http://www.eyelid.co.uk/egyptian- mummification.html