1. Types of Government And Their Purpose

2. Versions of “Social Contract Theory” Thomas Hobbes: “Every man is against every man...and the life of man is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” Ergo, give power to a king to: Enforce laws Punish criminals Defend people from invasion Some rights sacrificed for law and order

3. Versions of “Social Contract Theory” John Locke “Life, liberty, and the enjoyment of personal property” Government exists to guarantee “natural rights” Power goes to the people No restrictions on citizens without their consent

4. Expectations For Government Protect People from each other and outsiders Individual rights and liberties Provide public goods and services Parks, monuments, environmental regulations, anti-monopoly policies, commerce, infrastructure, welfare...

5. Types of Rule Democracy rule by many Oligarchy rule by few Autocracy rule by one

6. Political Ideologies Conservatism Support gradual change in society Nostalgic gaze Wants limited change in society Liberalism Locke: “natural rights of man” Freedom of religion, press, speech

7. Political Ideologies (beliefs) Conservative (USA) Opposed to: Government intervention in the economy Government sponsored social programs Support: Government intervention to uphold issues of morality Strong military Balanced budget Limited taxation

8. Political Ideologies (beliefs) Liberal (USA) Opposed to: Government interference with personal morals or activities Expansion of military Support Government intervention in economy Government sponsored social programs Environmental regulation and protection

9. Political Ideologies (beliefs) Libertarian Accept Locke’s emphasis on basic natural rights, and Adam Smiths’s free market ideas (laissez-faire) Very limited government (defense, provide liberties, free trade)

10. Political Ideologies (beliefs) Socialist Democratic Socialism (Germany, Canada, France, Scandinavia) Support democracy Support gov’t regulation and ownership of major industries Support regulation of production and distribution Support gov’t planning to protect citizens’ welfare

11. Political Ideologies (beliefs) Totalitarian Socialism--Communism (China, North Korea, former USSR) Support gov’t regulation and ownership of industry Gov’t controls wealth and all aspects of economy

12. Classification of Political Systems Anarchy (Somalia 1990s - today) Absence of government Theocracy (Iran (sort-of), Puritans in colonial New England) Control of governance by a religion, church, and / or clergy. Church law above civil law. Pure / Direct Democracy (ancient Athens) Direct citizen participation in daily governance Representative Democracy / Republicanism (USA) Election of government officials to manage state and represent will of people

13. Classification of Political Systems Absolute Monarchy (Louis XIV) Government by a monarch with absolute power descending from God (divine right of kings) Constitutional Monarchy (Great Britain) Government with a monarchy usually limited by a constitution Dictatorship (Mr. Miller’s class, Gaddafi in Libya) Single leader rule by force with no consent of the governed