1. 18.3 End of Reconstruction Objective: To understand the reasons that Reconstruction ended and African- Americans lost civil and political rights after 1877.

2. I.D. Review Radical republicans Reconstruction Freedmen’s Bureau Impeachment Andrew Johnson Black codes Civil Rights Richmond 13 th Amendment 14 th Amendment 15 th Amendment Freedmen’s schools Sharecropping Ku Klux Klan Lynch

3. 15 th Amendment The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. “Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment on February 26, 1869. But some states resisted ratification. …All eyes turned toward those Southern states which had yet to be readmitted to the Union. Acting quickly, Congress ruled that in order to be let into the Union, these states had to accept both the Fifteenth Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment, which granted citizenship to all people born in the United States, including former slaves. Left with no choice, the states ratified the amendments and were restored to statehood.” SOURCE: PBS, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/grant-fifteenth/ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/grant-fifteenth/ WHO DID NOT GET THE RIGHT TO VOTE IN THE 15 th AMENDMENT?

4. Map: Popular Vote for President in the South, 1872 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Grant (Republican) wins 214 electoral votes to Seymour’s (Democrat) 80 NOTE: Grant only wins popular vote by 300,000 SIGNIFICANCE: The approx. 500,000 to 700,000 Freedmen’s votes swing election to Grant. This election reinforced the resolve of the KKK and white supremacists to prevent freedmen from voting.

5. Grant Administration Grant – Popular soldier, ineffective president Grant’s Cabinet and Administration was infamous for graft, corruption and nepotism (his wife’s family) Despite, numerous scandals and charges of incompetence, Grant is reelected in 1872! Handles Panic of 1873 poorly

6. Reconstruction cartoon This 1868 cartoon by Thomas Nast pictured the combination of forces that threatened the success of Reconstruction: southern opposition and the greed, partisanship, and racism of northern interests. (Library of Congress) Reconstruction cartoon Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

7. Pres. Grant fights the Klan “The Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871, made private criminal acts federal crimes; consequently, President Grant decreed that "insurgents were in rebellion against the authority of the United States." He sent federal troops to restore law and order to many areas where violence was raging at its worst. In nine counties of South Carolina, martial law was declared and Klansmen were tried before predominantly black juries. By 1872, the Klan as an organization was broken. By the time the terror ended, thousands of blacks and hundreds of whites had been massacred or driven from their homes and communities. For a moment, it seemed that peace and Republican rule was restored. Yet within a few years, the terror was reborn and Reconstruction officially ended.” SOURCE: PBS. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_enforce.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_enforce.html

8. The White League Alabama's White League, formed in 1874, strove to oust Republicans from office by intimidating black voters. To political cartoonist Thomas Nast, such vigilante tactics suggested an alliance between the White League and the outlawed Ku Klux Klan. (Harper's Weekly, October 24, 1874) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

9. Panic of 1873 What was the significance of the Panic of 1873? How did it effect the economy? How did it effect the political power of Grant and Republicans? PANIC OF 1873 CIVIL WAR PANIC OF 1837

10. The Grant administration had already undergone the embarrassment of a slew of scandals. In the fall 1876 elections, the Democrats attempt to impeach the president. http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=J une&Date=3

11. Supreme Court undermines Black Civil Rights VOTING RESTRICTIONS & SEGREGATION Literacy test Poll tax Grandfather clause Jim Crow Laws In 1876, the Supreme Court finds these laws constitutional in U.S. v. Cruikshank and U.S. v. Reese. WHY???

12. Map: The Presidential Election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877 The Presidential Election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877 In 1876 a combination of solid southern support and Democratic gains in the North gave Samuel Tilden the majority of popular votes, but Rutherford B. Hayes won the disputed election in the electoral college, after a deal satisfied Democratic wishes for an end to Reconstruction. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

13. Compromise of 1877 Republicans nominate Rutherford B. Hayes, veteran from Ohio Democrats nominate Samuel J. Tilden, reformer who convicted Tweed Tilden wins 184 of 185 needed votes, with 20 contested electoral votes. Tilden also wins popular vote. Democrats and Republicans make a deal: 1.The federal government will remove troops from the South (ending the protection for blacks under the Klan Acts) 2.Pres. Hayes will appoint a Democrat to his cabinet 3.Democrats “promised” to respect Freedmen’s civil and political rights. EFFECT: Republican governments in the South collapse. Democrats return to power. Freedmen loose their political and civil rights.

14. Why did Reconstruction fail? African Americans mired in poverty and stuck in sharecropping Reconstruction troubled with corruption of Grant Administration, scalawags and carpetbaggers KKK and secret societies intimidation Congress’ Force acts of 1870 and 1871 ineffective Black officials and representatives removed from office 1883: Supreme Court rules 1875 Civil Rights Act unconstitutional Jim Crow laws & intimidation disenfranchise blacks VIDEO: http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/fifteenth- amendment/videos/the-failure-of-reconstructionhttp://www.history.com/topics/black-history/fifteenth- amendment/videos/the-failure-of-reconstruction

15. http:// pbsvideodb.pbs.org/resources/eyes/images/dc1.jpg

16. U.S. Grant Andrew Johnson Thaddeus Stevens Rutherford B. Hayes Samuel J. Tilden Horace Greeley Hiram Revels Frederick Douglas Redemption Self Carpetbagger Scalawag Home 1.The first African American senator was ________. 2.The Republican presidential candidate in 1876 was ____________. 3.The Democratic presidential candidate in 1876 was ____________. 4._________ rule was the ability to run state governments without federal intervention. 5.The Republican party’s unity was shattered by the corruption of the ___________administration.