1. DAIS Grid1 Database Access and Integration Services on the Grid * * http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/grid-db/papers/dbtf.pdf Authors: N. Paton, M. Atkinson, V. Dialiani, D. Pearson, T. Storey, P. Watson Florida International University School of Computing and Information Sciences Summer 2006 Presented by:Ariel Cary

2. DAIS Grid2 Agenda  Introduction  Scope and Context of Proposal  Proposed Database Services  DS in OGSA  Current DAIS Standards and Systems  Conclusion

3. DAIS Grid3 Introduction Grid research generally focus on applications where data is stored in files DBMS systems have a central role in data organization for numerous applications, e-Science: particle physics ( LHC@CERN ), earth sciences, bio-informatics There is a need to interconnect pre-existing and independently operated databases

4. DAIS Grid4 Introduction (cont)  This work seeks to encourage the development of standards that can meet those needs.  A (preliminary) proposal is made for the staged development of a collection of Grid Database Services that allow access to existing, autonomous databases within Grid  Follows a service-based approach within OGSA framework for DBMS integration

5. DAIS Grid5 Introduction (cont)  How functionalities are supported may come to be implemented in different ways (performance characteristics, etc.)  Services definitions essentially state what functionality is to be supported

6. DAIS Grid6 Scope and Context of Proposal

7. DAIS Grid7 Scope  The proposal has several characteristics – Independent of any specific Grid toolkit (could skew and restrict it) – It does not propose the development of a new DBMS for the Grid, but wrapping existing systems to a consistent interface and developing distributed managers – Independent of any specific data model or access language

8. DAIS Grid8 Context  Relevant terms related to Databases – Database Service is any service that supports a database interface (WSDL) – Service interfaces are abstract and not prescriptive on how they are supported, or the data model that underpins a DBMS – Specific DBMS services could provide access to relational or object DBMS, XML repositories, specialist storage systems …

9. DAIS Grid9 Context – Grid Database Service (GDS) provides capabilities for querying, updating and evolving a database – The interface also describes:  Data delivery: transmitting structured data  Transactions: coordinating collections of operations  Database Metadata: accessing information about the data a DB service provides

10. DAIS Grid10 Proposed Database Services

11. DAIS Grid11 Database Discovery  It is assumed that a registry lookup returns a Grid Service Handle (GSH), globally unique name for a service instance  A service provider publishes description (WSDL) of a service to a service registry  Later consulted by a requestor, and binding created that allow calls to the service

12. DAIS Grid12 Database Statements  Thus, it is a point of tension with the proposal being independent of the data model  Statements allow queries or change operations to be sent to a DBMS  This implies that the underlying DBMS supports a query or command language, different on every database model

13. DAIS Grid13 Database Statements (cont.)  The pairs (queryNotation, query), … are introduced to allow flexibility (like MIME types for e-mail attachments)  For example: – queryNotation=“SQL’92” – query=“Select * from EMP Where Salary>1000”

14. DAIS Grid14 Database Statements (cont.)  The optional txHandle indicates if the operation is part of a transaction, provided the DBMS supports transactions  The final results of an operation are managed via: – resultHandle: generated dynamically – expires: an expiry time up for the result to be claimed

15. DAIS Grid15 Database Statements (cont.)  The operations on a GDS will be atomic: – Preparation and Validation: consistency check – Application: operation is performed – Result Delivery: results available to the caller  Usually involve transfer of large amounts of data which may take long time to execute (prone to interruptions!)  The implementation of the DBMS service should handle such failures to achieve atomicity

16. DAIS Grid16 Delivery System  Means by which (potentially large amounts of) structured data is moved from one locations to one or more others  Should be considered complementary to protocols such as GridFTP, which could be used as a delivery mechanism

17. DAIS Grid17 Delivery System (cont.)  Single data source to be delivered, represented as a URI  Several destinations represented by URI with delivery mechanisms associated  The deliver operation initiates delivery of the data from the single source to multiple destinations  A more elaborated delivery system would include encryption, progress monitoring, etc.

18. DAIS Grid18 Distributed Transactions  A minimal transaction interface: performs the role of conferring a guaranteed unique identity on the transaction  Given a transaction handle, other operations over a database service can be put explicitly within the context of a transaction, using the txHandle parameter

19. DAIS Grid19 Distributed Transactions (cont.)  For a transaction to span multiple DBMS services, they must provide operations for use by the transaction manager that is overseeing the distributed transaction  startTransaction includes an expires param. to limit the consumption of resources  prepareCommit operation can be used by a two-phase commit protocol to ensure that all participating database services commit

20. DAIS Grid20 Database Metadata  Metadata that could be useful to have access to includes: – Content description: DB schema – data model, logical & physical structures, stats (could be obtained from the data dictionary) – Capability description: language (query /update operations supported), transactional capabilities, protocols supported  The metadata should be described in a standard representation, e.g. XML document given by the data service provider

21. DAIS Grid21 Distributed Query Service  Query  DS1 (DQS)  Parsed & optimized  Sub-queries to relevant DB’s  Results collected & joined by DQS

22. DAIS Grid22 Database Services in OGSA

23. DAIS Grid23 DS in OGSA  The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) represents an evolution towards a Grid system architecture based on Web services concepts and technologies* * http://www.globus.org/ogsa  The described interfaces can be used as the basis of database services through participation in the OGSA  Thus many features of this architectural framework can be obtained for service creation, authorization, notification, etc.

24. DAIS Grid24 Requirements from OGSA  The secure connection and authentication mechanism underpins all GDS security and authentication  The lifetime management model carries over unchanged as the lifetime management model for GDS  The notification mechanism specified in OGSA appears to satisfy the GDS needs

25. DAIS Grid25 Requirements from OGSA (cont.)  It is required information about the user authorization (potentially through many intermediate grid services) – User identification services, referenced from a certificate  Certification of the services themselves may be necessary. A discovery service could be tricked to mimic the intended GDS and get the data sent  Some databases charge for their use. It is necessary to support a digital payment process

26. DAIS Grid26 Current DAIS Standards and Systems

27. DAIS Grid27 DAIS Standards  Global Grid Forum – “The Global Grid Forum (GGF) is the community of users, developers, and vendors leading the global standardization effort for grid computing.” http://www.ggf.org/ http://www.ggf.org/  Part of the GGF: DAIS-WG – “The group seeks to promote standards for the development of grid database services, focusing principally on providing consistent access to existing, autonomously managed databases.” https://forge.gridforum.org/projects/dais-wg https://forge.gridforum.org/projects/dais-wg

28. DAIS Grid28 OGSA-DAI System  OGSA-DAI Overview http://www.ggf.org/GGF17/materials/303/Overview.ppt http://www.ggf.org/GGF17/materials/303/Overview.ppt  Architecture + Extensibility http://www.ggf.org/GGF17/materials/303/GGF17ArchitectureExtensibility.ppt http://www.ggf.org/GGF17/materials/303/GGF17ArchitectureExtensibility.ppt  Supported Data Resources http://www.ggf.org/GGF17/materials/303/GGF17ArchitectureExtensibility.ppt http://www.ggf.org/GGF17/materials/303/GGF17ArchitectureExtensibility.ppt  “The aim of the OGSA-DAI project is to develop middleware to assist with access and integration of data from separate sources via the grid…and is working closely with the Global Grid Forum DAIS- WG...” http://www.ogsadai.org/ http://www.ogsadai.org/

29. DAIS Grid29 Conclusion

30. DAIS Grid30 Conclusion  This document has made a preliminary, service-oriented proposal for integrating database functionality into a Grid setting  It is hoped that the document will provoke discussion on how best databases can be integrated with Grid middleware  There is an establish community dedicated to defining DBMS service standards, and emerging system are adopting them