1. Road to the Civil War

2.  South holds almost 4 million slaves  Why maintain the “peculiar institution”?  Looked down upon slaves as inferior  Hope to rise in status by acquiring slaves  Breakdown:  80% of whites own no slaves (poor whites)  19% of whites own 1-5 (small farmers)  1% of whites own 50 or more (plantations)

3.  Dependent on slave owner  “Valued property”- fed, clothed, shelter  Split up families regularly  Runaways  Sabotage equipment  Slow working  Major fear of resistance (Nat Turner, 1831)

4.  Had existed through the ages and provided the economic basis for several civilizations  Sanctioned by the bible  Assured southern prosperity and cotton production  Better life for blacks in South than Africa  Provided blacks with a better treatment/more security than Northern factory workers

5.  US acquires Mexican Cession (M-A War)  Wilmont Proviso (what was that?) continues to fail in the House/Senate  WHAT TO DO WITH THE LAND?!

6.  “The compromise will betray the south. Northerners will have to agree to federal protection of slavery for the south to feel comfortable remaining in the Union.”  John C. Calhoun  “I am speaking not as a northern man, but as an American seeking the preservation of the Union.”  Daniel Webster

7. 1. CA admitted as a FREE state 2. Mexican Cession divided up into NM and UT and slavery issue decided by POP SOV 3. Texas given $10 million to complete NM 4. Slave trade but not slavery ends in D.C. 5. Strict Fugitive Slave law  Personal liberty laws (North)  Rise in Underground Railroad activity  Priggs v. Pennsylvania  Significant turning point between N&S

8.  1852, Uncle Tom’s Cabin  Abolitionist and underground railroad worker  personalized the political and economic arguments about slavery  Swayed northern sympathy

10.  300,000 copies sold in the first year  Infuriated the South  Encouraged other stories-Martin Delany (black abolitionist) Blake  South responds: writes own version of life including happy slaves and Christian masters

11.  Illinois senator: romantic notion of nationalism  Democrat, strong supporter of popular sovereignty  Encouraged land to be split into 2 territories: K/N

12.  Self taught Illinois lawyer to senator  Whig party (heroes like Webster and Clay)  Against slavery but for expansion; commerce life over agriculture

14.  Whig/Free Soil party outraged  Slave owners vs abolitionists  Border ruffians: Missourians; "shoot, burn and hang those against slavery”-fraudulent voters  Armed violence: small scale civil war  Major result: creation of Republican Party  shocked by passage of Act  Oppose the extention of slavery into new territory  Repeal the Fugitive Slave Law/Kansas-Nebraska Act