1. 1 HYDROLYTIC AND LIGNINOLYTIC ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN THE Pb CONTAMINATED SOIL Mika Kähkönen Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology 25.10.2007, HERC Seminar

2. 2 Introduction Pb is deleterious to soil microbial processes Pb is neurotoxic agent amount of shooting ranges in Finland is 2000-2500 abundant biopolymers in nature are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin Hydrolytic enzymes ligninolytic enzymes

3. 3 THE AIMS 1. To test the effect of Pb contamination on hydrolytic and ligninolytic enzyme activity in the forest soil. 2. To test the ability of litter-degrading fungi to grow and produce extracellular enzymes in the heavily Pb (40 g Pb of kg ww soil -1 ) contaminated soil and non contaminated soil in non sterile conditions was also tested

4. 4 Materials and Methods Soil: -humus layer - sampled close to a shooting range in Hollola Soil plate experiments: -wihout Pb - with Pb - without fungi -.with fungi (Agaricus bisporus, Agrocybe praecox, Gymnopus peronatus, Gymnopilus penetrans, Mycena galericulata, Gymnopilus luteofolius, Stropharia aeruginosa and Stropharia rugosoannulata).

5. 5 Enzyme activity measurements -hydrolytic enzyme activities -ligninolytic enzyme activities

6. 6 Fungusnon pollutedPb polluted Control soil without fungus - - Agaricus bisporus + + Agrocybe praecox +++ + Collybia peronata ++ + Gymnophilus penetrans + + Mycena galericulata + + Gymnopilus luteofullus ++ + Stropharia aeruginosa ++ + Stropharia Rugosannulata +++ + Results

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9. 9 -The Pb contamination (40 g Pb of kg ww soil -1 ) was deleterious to all five studied hydrolytic enzyme activities - Hydrolytic enzyme activities were significantly higher in the soil than in the extract of the soil -Hydrolytic enzyme activities were similar with fungi and without fungi in the Pb contaminated soil. -Pb contamination (40 g Pb of kg ww soil -1 ) depressed the growth of all fungi - The best grown fungi was S. rugosoannulata, which had the highest MnP and laccase activities in the non contaminated soil. Conclusions