1. NEPTUNE Canada Hydrothermal Experiments at Main Endeavour: Status Report Dave Butterfield, Univ. of Washington and NOAA/PMEL Marv Lilley, University of Washington School of Oceanography Glickson et al., 2006

2. Outline Motivation Motivation Background Background Current Experiments and Results Current Experiments and Results Focus on RAS and BARS Focus on RAS and BARS What We Need What We Need Future Possibilities Future Possibilities

3. Why hydrothermal time-series? Variability of environment and flux unknown Variability of environment and flux unknown Impact of change on biological communities Impact of change on biological communities Variation in mineral formation processes Variation in mineral formation processes Linkage between tectonic, volcanic, hydrothermal and hydrological processes Linkage between tectonic, volcanic, hydrothermal and hydrological processes Cabled observatories may be the only way to answer these questions Cabled observatories may be the only way to answer these questions

6. Feb 22 to Mar 6 2005 Feb 22 to Mar 6 2005 EQ/hr histogram EQ/hr histogram Borehole pressure Borehole pressure Mothra diffuse vent temperature Mothra diffuse vent temperature Hooft et al. 2006 Fall AGU E flank P increase MV axis P decrease

8. Change in T and composition associated with Feb 2005 EQs

9. 50% 04 99 01 00 01 00 0102 99 01 04 02 00 98 01 98 00 04 00 04 99 98 BCPre-1987 Lava CL 33 1998 Lava MA GO ASHES Key * Numbers inside symbols denote year 00 06 EI 00 03 GR 06 00 SM HU 02 04 50% 55% 60% 70% South Field North Field Axial Seamount Main Endeavour 75% 60% 55% 60% Variation Between Vents Similarity groupings based on Microbial Community Structure (tRFLP)

14. BARS Sensor Tip

15. October 2010 BARS Temp and Tidal Pressure (variation from mean plotted)

16. Tidal Modulation of Grotto Black Smoker Temperature

17. Power Spectrum for BARS Temperature 12.4 hr 24.8 hr 3-4day BARS Temperature shows strong semi-diurnal tidal signal plus weak 3-4day

18. BARS T vs N-S Current Amplitude October 2010

19. Power spectrum for BARS T(red) and NS Current (blue)

20. October 2010 RAS Temperature and Tidal Pressure (variation from mean plotted)

22. Power Spectrum for RAS Temperature October 2010 12.4 hr 24.8 hr 5.3 d 2.7 d RAS Temp shows semi-diurnal tidal signal plus strong 3- 5day

24. Mn correlates well with T and Mg October 2010 data are lower than 2011-2012 data Endmember Mn 210 µM Use Mn to normalize mixing

25. H2S/Mn: No clear correlation Fe/Mn: pos correlation Indicates precipitation within sulfide structure is mixing/ Temperature-dependent

26. NH3/Mn: pos correlation Suggests NH3 may be consumed within sulfide structure at hyperthermophilic temperatures NH3/Mn: is there a temporal trend? Sample age artifact?

27. NC OBS EQ data and Vent Temperature

28. USGS Earthquakes near JFR FILE CREATED: Tue Oct 25 21:23:43 2011 Circle Search Earthquakes= 8 Circle Center Point Latitude: 47.000N Longitude: 130.000W Radius: 1000.000 km Catalog Used: PDE Date Range: 2011/09/20 to 2011/10/24 Data Selection: Historical & Preliminary Data CAT YEAR MO DA ORIG TIME LAT LONG DEP MAGNITUDE IEM DTSVNWG DIST NFO km TF PDE-Q 2011 09 22 202206.91 47.45 -122.08 24 3.2 MDSEA 2F........ 601 PDE-Q 2011 10 09 131703.89 44.53 -126.29 10 2.5 MLGS.......... 398 PDE-Q 2011 10 10 053932.84 50.61 -129.66 30 4.2 mbGS.......... 401 PDE-Q 2011 10 13 041400.92 43.46 -127.12 22 5.6 MwGCMT..M....... 453 PDE-Q 2011 10 14 222516.47 46.76 -121.92 12 3.4 MDSEA 4F........ 616 PDE-Q 2011 10 14 232912.53 46.85 -121.75 2 2.9 MDSEA.F........ 627 PDE-Q 2011 10 15 061129.10 46.48 -119.26 1 3.4 MDSEA 3F........ 822 PDE-Q 2011 10 19 195108.50 45.93 -122.42 11 2.7 MDSEA.......... 593 RAS and other plots are 30 Sept 2011 00:00 to 26 Oct 2011 00:00

29. MEF RAS/BARS Temperature Oct 2011 Mag 7.4 EQ S. Pacific Sample 5 Sample 4 5.6 4.2 2.5 3.4/ 2.9 3.4 2.7

30. MEF RAS/1026B Temperature Oct 2011 Mag 7.4 EQ S. Pacific Sample 5 Sample 4 5.6 4.2 2.5 3.4/ 2.9 3.4 2.7

31. MEF RAS T and Flank Sub-sea Differential Pressure Oct 2011 Mag 7.4 EQ S. Pacific Sample 5 Sample 4 5.6 4.2 2.5 3.4/ 2.9 3.4 2.7

32. Neptune Canada 2010 BARS Deployment October 2010 Event

33. 800 data points 90 data points

34. What we need More data analysis to look at details of mechanisms linking earthquakes and changes in hydrothermal vents More data analysis to look at details of mechanisms linking earthquakes and changes in hydrothermal vents Models that can use NC observations to test hypotheses Models that can use NC observations to test hypotheses Keep the networks adaptable and open to new sensors Keep the networks adaptable and open to new sensors More hydrothermal sensors to give spatial coverage More hydrothermal sensors to give spatial coverage More chemical sensors to give real-time chemical response More chemical sensors to give real-time chemical response Automated earthquake detection and rapid reporting Automated earthquake detection and rapid reporting Flux measurements Flux measurements

35. END