1. Chapter 1

2.  Length: Measured in Meters, Centimeters, and Millimeters  Mass: Measured in Grams and Kilograms  Volume: Measured in Liters and Milliliters  Temperature: Celsius

3.  Give me your definition

4.  Observing, Organizing and Analyzing experiments to gain evidence and recognize patterns

5.  Learning and understanding the NATURAL world only

6.  A process that is constantly changing – Open-minded – Skepticism  “The only certainty in science is uncertainty”

7.  Based on curiosity and leads to discovery

8.  To help explain our world  To help predict what is to come  To make our lives better with the help of technology

9.  Scientific Methodology (or “Scientific Method”) – A series of “steps” that test a scientific question about an event

10.  Noticing and describing events in a careful way  Ask questions that nobody else has

11.  Before a hypothesis we have inferences – A logical interpretation based on what you know  This can lead to a hypothesis – Scientific explanation for a set of observations that CAN BE TESTED! – In the form of an “If/Then” Statement

12.  Best definition: Testable prediction  Statement: Caffeine may cause sleeplessness in students  Hypothesis: IF sleeplessness in students is related to caffeine, THEN students who intake a high amount of caffeine will have a higher chance to not fall asleep.

13.  Chlorophyll may be important for food production in plants.  Environmental temp. may affect animal metabolism.  Chocolate may cause pimples

14.  An experiment involves changing variables, or something that changes.  An experiment where you change one variable is known as a controlled experiment  Why would we want to change one thing?

15.  Independent Variable – The variable that you specifically change  Dependent Variable – The variable that you observe and record data off of  Control Group – The part of the experiment that gets the independent variable

16.  Any records of the experiment or observations made in the experiment is known as Data  You need the right tools to do the job  Look out for possible errors

17.  The evidence from the experiment is used to support, refute, or revise the hypothesis. – It does not prove it  Usually, a new experiment is created to help strengthen the results  After multiple tests, a valid conclusion can be draw

19.  The interactions between species and the environment

20.  The study of cell structure and function

21.  The study of DNA and how it is passed from generation to generation

22.  The study of microscopic organisms and their infectious diseases

23.  The study of plants

24.  The study of animals

25.  The study of structure and function of an organism’s body

26.  Technology is the use of science to make our lives easier and increase our knowledge of the natural world  Advances in science lead to advances in technology and vice-versa

27.  Vital to modern science  Scientists share their findings through articles – This allows peer review to happen where others can test and evaluate the findings  This can then spark others to build upon the original experiment

28.  People want answers and that’s where science comes into play  To use science involves understanding the limitations and how it affects society  Science only explains natural matters and does not use ethical or moral viewpoints

29.  A particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific

30.  “I’ve got a theory” or “That’s just a theory”  It is not a scientific theory  This common theory is more like a hypothesis

31.  Well-tested explanation that brings together a board range of observations  Can help make accurate predictions about new situations  Theories are not proof just well explained and is the dominant view with scientists

32.  Cell Theory – Statements about all cells (Broad/General) – All living things are made out of cells – Prediction: If something is living, then you assume you would find it to be made out of cells

33.  A phenomenon which is always true  Very Narrow  Well-established  Theories do not become laws but rather explain laws

34.  Law: Everything that has mass also has gravity  Theory: Explains the movement of objects in the universe

35.  Personal beliefs as a result of interpreting the facts  A truth known by actual experience or observation in nature

36.  See handout for vocabulary

37.  This class is known as Biology – It means study of life  So what makes things living and nonliving?  No one characteristic can solve this but we have a list of common characteristics that can help us decide

38.  All life is based on a universal genetic code  This code is called DNA – Contains the information needed to live, grow, and reproduce

39.  Every organism has a pattern of growth and development

40.  Organisms detect and respond to stimuli from the environment  Stimulus: Signal to which an organism responds

41.  They produce new organisms  Sexual Reproduction – Cells from two parents unite and form the first cell of a new organism  Asexual Reproduction – Single organism produces offspring identical to itself

42.  The inner body environment is constant even though the outside may not be  This is known as Homeostasis

43.  All organisms need materials and energy to grow and develop  The build up and break down of the energy in the body is known as metabolism

44.  Organisms are composed of one or more cells

45.  Over generations, groups of organisms change over time  Evidence from comes from the fossil record, to the features of proteins to sequences in the DNA